Microsystem Technologies - Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) are widely used as potential carriers in drug delivery systems. The objective of this work was to observe the effects of pristine,... 相似文献
Regulatory B (Breg) cells are endowed with immune suppressive functions. Various human and murine Breg subtypes have been reported. While interleukin (IL)-10 intracellular staining remains the most reliable way to identify Breg cells, this technique hinders further essential functional studies. Recent findings suggest that CD9 is an effective surface marker of murine IL-10 competent Breg cells. However, the stability of CD9 and its relevance as a unique marker for human Breg cells, which have been widely characterized as CD24hiCD38hi, have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that CD9 expression is sensitive to in vitro B cell stimulations. CD9 expression could either be re-expressed or downregulated in purified CD9-negative B cells and CD9-positive B cells, respectively. We found no significant differences in the Breg differentiation capacity of the CD9-negative and CD9-positive B cells. Furthermore, CD9-positive B cells co-express CD40 and CD86, suggesting their nature as B cell activation or co-stimulatory molecules, rather than regulatory ones. Therefore, we report the relatively unstable CD9 as a distinct surface molecule, indicating the need for further research for a more reliable marker to purify human Breg cells. 相似文献
Image Completion plays a vital role in compressed sensing, machine learning, and computer vision applications. The Rank Minimization algorithms are used to perform the image completion. The major problem with rank minimization algorithms is the loss of information in the recovered image at high corruption ratios. To overcome this problem Lifting wavelet transform based Rank Minimization (LwRM), and Discrete wavelet transform based Rank Minimization (DwRM) methods are proposed, which can recover the image, if the corrupted observations are more than 80%. The evaluation of the proposed methods are accomplished by Full Reference Image Quality Assessment (FRIQA) and No Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) metrics. The simulation results of proposed methods are superior to state-of-the-art methods.
Cotton fibres coated with biogenically fabricated silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are most sought material because of their enhanced activity and biocompatibility. After successful synthesis of SNPs on cotton fibres using leaf extract of Vitex negundo Linn, the fibres were studied using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The characterisation revealed uniformly distributed spherical agglomerates of SNPs having individual particle size around 50 nm with the deposition load of 423 μg of silver per gram of cotton. Antimicrobial assay of cotton–SNPs fibres showed effective performance against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The method is biogenic, environmentally benign, rapid, and cost‐effective, producing highly biocompatible antimicrobial coating required for the healthcare industry.Inspec keywords: cotton, health care, nanoparticles, coatings, silver, fibres, nanofabrication, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray chemical analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, plasma applications, microorganisms, biotechnologyOther keywords: biocompatible antimicrobial cotton fibre coating, healthcare industry, bioorganic‐coated silver nanoparticle synthesis, biogenically fabricated silver nanoparticle, SNP, leaf extraction, Vitex negundo Linn, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, uniformly distributed spherical agglomerate, antimicrobial assay, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, Ag相似文献
In the present study, response surface method (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to study the effects of process variables like screw speed, rpm (x1), L/D ratio (x2), barrel temperature (°C; x3), and feed mix moisture content (%; x4), on flow rate of biomass during single-screw extrusion cooking. A second-order regression equation was developed for flow rate in terms of the process variables. The significance of the process variables based on Pareto chart indicated that screw speed and feed mix moisture content had the most influence followed by L/D ratio and barrel temperature on the flow rate. RSM analysis indicated that a screw speed?>?80 rpm, L/D ratio?>?12, barrel temperature?>?80 °C, and feed mix moisture content?>?20% resulted in maximum flow rate. Increase in screw speed and L/D ratio increased the drag flow and also the path of traverse of the feed mix inside the extruder resulting in more shear. The presence of lipids of about 35% in the biomass feed mix might have induced a lubrication effect and has significantly influenced the flow rate. The second-order regression equations were further used as the objective function for optimization using genetic algorithm. A population of 100 and iterations of 100 have successfully led to convergence the optimum. The maximum and minimum flow rates obtained using GA were 13.19?×?10?7 m3/s (x1?=?139.08 rpm, x2?=?15.90, x3?=?99.56 °C, and x4?=?59.72%) and 0.53?×?10?7 m3/s (x1?=?59.65 rpm, x2?=?11.93, x3?=?68.98 °C, and x4?=?20.04%). 相似文献
The augmentation in electricity demand, power system privatization as well as efficacy of renewable resources has
paved the way for power system companies and researchers to exploit the field of grid connected distributed
generation (DG) and its issues, islanding being a dominant one. Several research works have been conducted to
mitigate the issues of islanding detection (ID). In context of this, the paper gives a comprehensive review of
islanding issues, standard test systems, criteria and shifting of research trends in islanding detection methods
(IDMs). The significant contributions pertain to categorization of IDMs, evaluation of non-detection zone (NDZ) for
each test system, disquisition on evolution and advancement of IDMs and its comparisons based on criteria such as
NDZ, run on time, nuisance tripping percentage, applicability in multi DG system and implementation cost to draw
out the strength and shortcomings of individual methods that will come to aid to the companies or researchers for
establishing the applicability and appropriateness of such method for their concerned domain. 相似文献
To investigate characteristics of the eyelid margins, meibomian glands and the tear film of contact lens wearers, and to determine whether these characteristics were related to symptoms of contact lens discomfort.
Methods
A cross sectional study was performed on thirty existing daily wear soft contact lens wearers (6 male; 24 female) with median age of 23 years (range 18–41). Eyelid signs and tear film characteristics were evaluated during a single visit and subjects completed the contact lens and dry eye questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) to evaluate ocular discomfort.
Results
Based on the CLDEQ-8 responses, subjects were classified as symptomatic (n?=?17) or asymptomatic (n?=?13). Grades of foam at meibomian gland orifices (3?±?1), expressibility (2?±?1) and quality of secretions (2?±?1), tear evaporation rate with (112?±?54?g/m2/h) or without (88?±?45?g/m2/h) contact lens wear, fluorescein tear breakup time (8?±?2 seconds) and tear lipid layer thickness (45?±?17?nm) were significantly associated with symptoms of discomfort in symptomatic lens wearers only (r2?>?0.45; p value?<?0.05). Upper lid-wiper epitheliopathy, meibomian gland acini reflectivity and tear meniscus height showed significant correlations with comfort scores in both symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens wearers (p?<?0.05). A greater number of Demodex mites was also observed in the upper eyelid of symptomatic lens wearers (2?±?1) compared to asymptomatic lens wearers (0?±?0; p value?=?0.042).
Conclusions
Morphological irregularities of the meibomian glands and alterations to tear film secretions that affect tear evaporative dynamics were associated with symptoms of discomfort amongst the symptomatic lens wearers. 相似文献
Benchmarking plug-load densities is essential to bypass arbitrary and/or incorrect inputs used in building energy analysis. As more building simulationists play a decision-making role for the design team, they tend to lean on building energy standards and guidelines for preliminary inputs such as plug-load densities. It is necessary for building energy standards and rating systems to implement plug-load density benchmarks to reward design teams in their efforts to reduce plug-load energy use. Using case study buildings, this paper establishes benchmark plug-load densities for K-12 schools under two new categories – classrooms with computers and classrooms without computers. Eighteen K-12 schools including 9 elementary, 2 middle, and 7 high schools are assessed for actual plug-load densities. For the same case study buildings, four existing approaches – NREL, COMNET, ASHRAE 90.1-1989, and Title-24 are evaluated for plug-load densities. Results show under- and over-estimation of plug-load densities over actual densities. The development of benchmark for K-12 schools will pave way for instituting targets for trimming plug-load densities in new and retrofit building projects. 相似文献