Essential oil composition,phenolic compound,and antioxidant potential of Inulaviscosa as affected by extraction process

The purpose of this study was to compare the essential oil composition of Inula viscosa leaves by hydrodistillation (HDE), ultrasonic (UDE) and solvent (SE) extractions followed by hydrodistillation. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and their antioxidant effects were studied by different solvent of extraction: ethanol (ET), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (ME) and aqueous (AE). The principal compounds for HDE were: 2-hexenal (3.70%), caryophyllene oxide (3.11%), γ-selinene (3.09%), 3-hexen-1-ol (2.00%), eugenol (1.70%) and trans-caryophyllene (1.34%), while for UDE were: γ-selinene (5.68%), caryophyllene oxide (4.87%), trans-caryophyllene (1.99%) and nerolidol (1.74%). The oil obtained by SE was shown to contain tridecane (3.89%), dodecane (3.08%), trans-caryophyllene (2.94%), caryophyllene oxide (2.56%) and nerolidol (2.53%). Significant changes on phenolic contents were found between the different solvent of extraction. ME and AE extracts led to the highest total polyphenol (PHL) and flavonoid (FL) amounts. The anti-radical activity and reducing power were maximal in AE and ME extract. HPLC examination established that the ferulic acid as major phenolic acid in ME and AE fractions, whereas luteolin was the main compound of EA and ET fractions.     

Coupled extruder-headspace,a new method for analysis of the essential oil components of Coriandrum sativum fruits

A new method involving concurrent single screw extruder combined with continuous headspace dynamic for the extraction and identification of the essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L. fruit was developed. The effect of six different nozzle diameters (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm) on the content and chemical composition of the essential oil of coriander fruit was studied. The oils from fruit samples were obtained by OMEGA 20 extruder.     

Salinity impact on fruit yield,essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of Coriandrum sativum fruit extracts

This study is designed to examine the fruit essential oil composition, the total phenolic amounts and the antioxidant activities in methanolic extracts of Coriandrum sativum under saline conditions. Increasing NaCl levels to 75 mM reduced significantly the fruit yield by 36%. The essential oil yield was 0.30%, based on the dry weight; it increased by 77% and 84% at 50 and 75 mM NaCl, respectively, in comparison to the control. The major constituents were linalool and camphor, whose amounts increased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts were determined by three different test systems, namely DPPH, β-carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power assays. In these three test systems, the highest activity was exhibited in control plants and was reduced significantly with increasing NaCl levels. In control plants, the total phenolic amount was 1.04 mg GAE/g DW which decreased by 43% and 66% at 50 and 75 mM NaCl, respectively.     

Drying Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Plants and Its Effects on Content, Chemical Composition, and Radical Scavenging Activity of the Essential Oil

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil (EO) were studied under different drying methods of plant material. Results obtained showed that dried plant material yielded more essential oils than did the fresh one. The highest EO yields were obtained by infrared drying at 45?°C (0.39%) followed by air drying (0.30%) and oven drying at 45?°C (0.26%). The analysis of EOs by gas chromatography?Cmass spectrometry, showed in each of 55 identified compounds belonging mostly to oxygenated monoterpenes. This class of compounds was significantly affected by following drying methods: oven at 65?°C, microwave (500?W), and infrared at 45?°C. The main components of sage EO, 1,8-cineole, ?? and ??-thujone, camphor, viridiflorol, and manool showed significant variation (p?<?0.05) with drying methods. Their concentrations increased significantly, particularly when drying sage at ambient air. Finally, the screening of antioxidant activity of the different sage EOs using the di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium radical (DPPH) assay showed an appreciable reduction of the stable radical DPPH, although microwave drying was the most efficient method with an IC50 of 1.60% as compared with fresh plant (IC50?=?5.32).     

Improving the physical properties of polycrystalline-deficient Pr0.8Sr0.2−x□xMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) compounds for electronic devices

Deficient strontium effects upon structural and spectroscopic properties of Pr_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ have been investigated. Pr_0.8Sr_0.2?x□_xMnO₃ (0?≤?x?≤?0.2) powder samples have been elaborated by the conventional ceramic method. All the samples crystallized in the orthorhombic perovskite system with Pnma (for x?=?0 and 0.05) and Pbnm (for x?=?0.1 and 0.2) space groups. The impedance spectroscopy measurements, the AC conductivity was investigated in the frequency range 40 to 5?×?10⁶ Hz and in the temperature range 80–500 K. DC measurements show that the studied compounds exhibit a semiconductor behavior in the temperature range studied. We have demonstrated that the conduction mechanism is governed by the hopping process at high temperatures as observed for doped perovskite materials. The AC conductivity results were well described by the Jonscher power law. The evolution of the frequency exponent s was determined in order to investigate the conduction mechanism in deficient structures. A discrepancy between the results obtained with the parent sample and deficient structures was observed. Analysis of the complex impedance shows that our structures obey Cole–Cole model. Nyquist plots were obtained using the Maxwell–Wagner equivalent circuit model. The evolution of the real and imaginary parts ε′ and ε″ of the permittivity was studied as a function of frequency, temperature, and strontium deficiency. Both ε′ and ε″ exhibit a strong dependence on these parameters. A step-like decrease in the dielectric constant ε′ was observed which may have originated from the space charge polarization and blocking electrode effect. The dielectric loss ε″ decreased with increasing frequency but increased with temperature for all studied samples. This result was correlated with the conduction mechanism which is governed by grain boundaries at low frequencies and grains at high frequencies. In addition, it affected the capacitance values in each frequency interval.

     

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Tunisian Thymus capitatus L. Methanolic Extract

Thymus capitatus has traditionally been considered as an anthelmintic, antispasmodic, carminative, emmenagogue, expectorant, rubefactient, sedative, stimulant, and tonic. This work was carried out to determine total polyphenol and total flavonoids chemical composition of phenolics and to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract. Total phenolic contents were assayed using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid content was measured spectrophotometrically and phenolics were analyzed by reverse phase–high performance liquid chromatography. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power were calculated. Total phenols and total flavonoids varied significantly among the studied regions. Chromatographic analysis by reverse phase–high performance liquid chromatography showed that phenolic acids: tannic, gallic, chlorogenic hemihydrate, caffeic, syringic, ferulic, p-coumaric acid, and trans-cinnamic rosmarinic were the main compounds. The anti-radical activity was region-dependent and could be summarized as follows in ascending order: Boukornine > Kef > Bizerte > Grombelia. Reducing power in the four studied regions was stronger than positive control (ascorbic acid). From these results we have conclude that thyme methanolic extract may have a role in pharmaceutical preparations and preservatives as an antioxidant.     

Multi-layer security of medical data through watermarking and chaotic encryption for tele-health applications

In this paper, we present a robust and secure watermarking approach using transform domain techniques for tele-health applications. The patient report/identity is embedding into the host medical image for the purpose of authentication, annotation and identification. For better confidentiality, we apply the chaos based encryption algorithm on watermarked image in a less complex manner. Experimental results clearly indicated that the proposed technique is highly robust and sufficient secure for various forms of attacks without any significant distortions between watermarked and cover image. Further, the performance evaluation of our method is found better to existing state-of-the-art watermarking techniques under consideration. Furthermore, quality analysis of the watermarked image is estimated by subjective measure which is beneficial in quality driven healthcare industry.

     

Lipid Profiles of Tunisian Coriander (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coriandrum sativum</Emphasis>) Seed

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds were harvested from the region of Korba (North-East Tunisia) in order to characterize their fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) profiles. Nine fatty acids, with petroselinic acid accounting for 76.6% of the total fatty acids, followed by linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, accounting for 13.0, 5.4 and 3.4%, respectively, of the total fatty acids were identified. Neutral lipids (NLs) were mainly composed of triacylglycerols (98.4%). Polar lipids were mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine as the major phospholipid (PL) subclass, whereas digalactosyldiacylglycerol was the major galactolipid (GL). Total sterols content was estimated to be 36.93 mg/g oil. Stigmasterol accounted for 29.5% of the total sterols. Other representative sterols were β-sitosterol, Δ⁷-stigmasterol and Δ⁵, 24-stigmastadienol, which accounted for 24.8, 16.3 and 9.2%, respectively. Gamma-tocotrienol was the predominant tocol at 238.40 μg/g seed oil. This was equivalent to 72.8% of the total tocols followed by γ-tocopherol (8.06%) and α-tocopherol (7.6%).     

Essential oil,fatty acid and sterol composition of Tunisian coriander fruit different parts

BACKGROUND: Seed and pericarp of coriander fruit were compared in terms of essential oil, fatty acids and sterols. RESULTS: Essential oil yield of coriander samples ranged from 0.30 to 0.68% (w/w) in fruit and seed, respectively. However, in pericarp, the essential oil yield was only of 0.04% (w/w). Linalool was the major compound in the whole fruit, seed and pericarp, with 86.1%, 91.1% and 24.6% of the oils, respectively. Fatty acid composition of pericarp and seed lipids were investigated by gas chromatography. Petroselinic acid was the main compound of fruit and seed, followed by linoleic and oleic acids. Palmitic and linoleic acids were estimated in higher amounts in pericarp lipids. Total sterol contents were 36.93 g kg^?1 oil in seed, 6.29 g kg^?1 oil in fruit and 4.30 g kg^?1 oil in pericarp. Fruit and pericarp oils were characterized by a high proportion of β‐sitosterol, with 36.7% and 49.4% of total sterols, respectively. However, stigmasterol (29.5%) was found to be the sterol marker in seed oils. CONCLUSION: Coriander oil is a rich source of many compounds such as essential oils, fatty acids and sterols. This compound distribution presented significant differences between whole fruit, seed and pericarp. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Essential oils and fatty acids composition of Tunisian and Indian cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds: a comparative study

BACKGROUND: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds of two geographic origins, Tunisia (TCS) and India (ICS), were studied regarding their fatty acid and essential oil composition. RESULTS: Oil yields were 17.77 and 15.40% for TCS and ICS respectively. Petroselinic acid (C18:1n‐12) was the major fatty acid in both varieties, with a higher proportion being found in TCS (55.90% of total fatty acids (TFA)) than in ICS (41.42% TFA). Moreover, the most predominant fatty acids were palmitic, petroselenic and linoleic acids, accounting for more than 91% TFA in both varieties. The unsaturated fatty acid content was high: 70.95% TFA in TCS and 62.17% TFA in ICS. Essential oil yields differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the two varieties: 1.21 and 1.62% for ICS and TCS respectively. A total of 40 compounds were identified, 34 of which were present in both essential oils. The two varieties displayed different chemotypes: γ‐terpinene/1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol for TCS and cuminaldheyde/γ‐terpinene for ICS. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the biochemical composition of cumin seeds is origin‐dependent and that cumin seeds are rich in an unusual fatty acid, petroselinic acid. Besides, cumin essential oil is a rich source of many compounds, including cuminaldehyde and γ‐terpinene. The overall results suggest the exploitation of cumin seeds as a low‐cost renewable source for industrial processing in the fields of cosmetics, perfumes and pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry