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排序方式: 共有222条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Salminen JP 《Journal of chemical ecology》2003,29(6):1289-1305
In this study, I investigated the effects of different methods of sample drying and storage, and the choice of extraction solvent and analysis method on the concentrations of 14 individual hydrolyzable tannins (HTs), and insoluble ellagitannins in birch (Betula pubescens) leaves. Freeze- and vacuum-drying of birch leaves were found to provide more reliable results than air- or oven-drying. Storage of leaves at –20C for 3 months before freeze-drying did not cause major changes in tannin content, although levels of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose and isostrictinin were altered. Storage of dried leaf material at –20C is preferred because 1 year storage of freeze-dried leaves at 4C and at room temperature decreased the concentration of the pedunculagin derivative, one of the main ellagitannins of birch. Furthermore, storage at room temperature increased the levels of isostrictinin and 2,3-(S)-HHDP-glucose, indicating possible HT catabolism. Of the extraction solvents tested, aqueous acetone was superior to pure acetone, or aqueous or pure methanol. The addition of 0.1% ascorbic acid into 70% acetone significantly increased the yield of ellagitannins, presumably by preventing their oxidation. By comparing the conventional rhodanine assay and the HPLC–ESI-MS assay for quantification of leaf galloylglucoses, the former tends to underestimate total concentrations of galloylglucoses in birch leaf extract. On the basis of the outcomes of all the method and solvent comparisons, their suitability for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant HTs is discussed, emphasizing that each plant species, with its presumably unique HT composition, is likely to have a unique combination of ideal conditions for tissue preservation and extraction. 相似文献
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We consider the quantum optical eight-port homodyne detection scheme in the case that each of the associated photon detectors is assigned with a different quantum efficiency. We give a mathematically rigorous and strictly quantum mechanical proof of the fact that the measured observable (positive operator measure) in the high-amplitude limit is a smearing of the covariant phase space observable related to the ideal measurement, that is, the measurement performed with fully efficient detectors. The result is proved for an arbitary parameter field. Furthermore, we investigate some properties of the measured observable. In particular, we show that detector inefficiencies do not affect the observable's ability to distinguish between different states. 相似文献
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Justin Salminen Peter Blomberg Jarno Mäkinen Lea Räsänen 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2015,61(9):2739-2748
Mining and metals processing are not invisible activities and are heavy industries, which require energy, water, chemicals, and land area. Recently more emphasis is given to environmental and societal aspects in mining and processing. Development of good practices with improved resource efficiency, new recovery methods and sustainability thinking are increasingly required. This work shows pH titration method for acid mine drainage (AMD) water incorporated with aqueous thermodynamic model for selective metals precipitation from complex solution. Also two examples on gold recovery methods from aqueous streams are shown: biosorption using fungal matter and solvent extraction using a task‐specific ionic liquid. By understanding chemical thermodynamics and natural phenomena, there is a better chance of developing solutions for environmental problems and new industrial processes. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2739–2748, 2015 相似文献
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背景:近20年来,工业国家的过敏性疾病发病率显著增加,因此迫切需要研制开发新的治疗方法.目的:经随机双盲安慰剂对照试验证实,益生素在早期炎症反应有潜在的控制作用.方法:27名平均年龄4.6个月的婴儿(母乳喂养,未曾接触过其他婴儿或其他配方奶粉)确诊患有特应性湿疹.患儿停止母乳喂养后分组,分别服用含益生菌双歧杆菌(Bb-12)或乳酸杆菌LGG(ATCC 53103)或不含益生菌的完全水解乳清配方奶粉.本实验分别检测了炎症范围和程度,婴儿生长和营养情况,循环细胞因子/趋化因子浓度,血清中可溶性细胞表面粘附分子,甲基组胺和尿嗜酸粒细胞蛋白-X.结果:特应性皮炎评分标准(SCORAD评分)可显示特应性湿疹的范围和严重程度,母乳喂养期,SCORAD指数为16(7-15),中位数(四分位差).同服用未添加益生菌配方奶的患儿相比,两个月后,服用添加益生菌配方奶的患儿有明显好转;X<'2>=12.27.P=0.002.添加双歧杆菌Bb-12组的患儿SCORAD评分降至0(0~3.8),乳酸杆菌组的SCORAD降至1(0.1~8.7),与未添加组评分形成对比--13.4(4.5~18.2),中位数(四分位差).同时检测发现可溶性CD4的血清浓度和尿嗜酸性粒细胞蛋白X均降低.结论:本实验首次证明特异益生菌种对过敏炎症反应的帮助.数据进一步说明益生菌可能抵抗炎症反应的肠道环境.当宿主体内新产生的抗体敏感性不强时,这些益生菌株联合作用,可帮助婴儿度过断奶期.因此益生菌为过敏治疗和预防提供了食物治疗的新方向. 相似文献
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Janusz Blasiak Ewelina Synowiec Antero Salminen Kai Kaarniranta 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(10):13378-13397
The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is complex and involves interactions between environmental and genetic factors, with oxidative stress playing an important role inducing damage in biomolecules, including DNA. Therefore, genetic variability in the components of DNA repair systems may influence the ability of the cell to cope with oxidative stress and in this way contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. However, few reports have been published on this subject so far. We demonstrated that the c.977C>G polymorphism (rs1052133) in the hOGG1 gene and the c.972G>C polymorphism (rs3219489) in the MUTYH gene, the products of which play important roles in the repair of oxidatively damaged DNA, might be associated with the risk of AMD. Oxidative stress may promote misincorporation of uracil into DNA, where it is targeted by several DNA glycosylases. We observed that the g.4235T>C (rs2337395) and c.–32A>G (rs3087404) polymorphisms in two genes encoding such glycosylases, UNG and SMUG1, respectively, could be associated with the occurrence of AMD. Polymorphisms in some other DNA repair genes, including XPD (ERCC2), XRCC1 and ERCC6 (CSB) have also been reported to be associated with AMD. These data confirm the importance of the cellular reaction to DNA damage, and this may be influenced by variability in DNA repair genes, in AMD pathogenesis. 相似文献
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Noshin Omar Hamid Gualous Justin Salminen Grietus Mulder Ahmadou Samba Yousef Firouz Mohamed Abdel Monem Peter Van den Bossche Joeri Van Mierlo 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2014,44(4):509-522
This paper represents an assessment of the main ageing phenomena in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). In this study the cycle life of the EDLC cells with a rated capacitance of 1,600 F has been investigated at different ambient temperatures and current rates. From the experimental results we can observe that the impact of the high ambient temperature is significant on the cycle life of the cells. Moreover, the results also show the negative impact of the current rate. The internal resistance tests showed that the increase of the resistance is much higher than the decrease of the capacitance. Thus, the ageing of the EDLC during cycling was clearly non-linear. Further the EIS measurements indicated the higher increase of the imaginary part of the impedance at low frequencies during cycling, which indicates the capacitance fade. 相似文献
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Tapio Eeva Samuli Helle Juha-Pekka Salminen Harri Hakkarainen 《Journal of chemical ecology》2010,36(6):608-613
Dietary carotenoids are important pigments, antioxidants, and immune-stimulants for birds. Despite recent interest in carotenoids
in bird ecology, we know surprisingly little about the carotenoid content of invertebrates consumed by birds. We compared
carotenoid (lutein, β-carotene, and total) concentrations in invertebrates brought to nestlings by two insectivorous passerines,
the great tit, Parus major and the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca. We also compared carotenoid levels between environments that were either polluted by heavy metals or were not polluted,
because the carotenoid-based plumage color of P. major nestlings is affected by environmental pollution. Lepidopterans were the most carotenoid-rich food items and contained the
largest proportion of lutein. There were no differences in carotenoid concentrations in the food items of the two bird species
but P. major nestlings obtained more carotenoids from their invertebrate diet than F. hypoleuca nestlings because the P. major diet had a higher proportion of lepidopteran larvae. In polluted areas, P. major nestlings consumed lower levels of dietary carotenoids than in unpolluted areas because of temporal differences in caterpillar
abundance between polluted and unpolluted sites. Our study suggests that pollution-related difference in nestling plumage
color in P. major is related to varying dietary proportion of lutein-rich food items rather than pollution-related variation in insect carotenoid
levels. 相似文献