Simulation of Strength Distribution in Ground Ceramics by Incorporating Residual Stress Effect

Strength of ground ceramics may be affected by residual stress as well as surface flaws induced by grinding. Strength prediction for ground ceramics is convenient for mechanical design of ceramic components. In this article, a numerical procedure based on fracture mechanics was proposed to estimate strength distribution of ground ceramics by considering grinding-induced residual stress. Bending strength and residual stress of ground ceramics were measured for three grinding-conditions. By comparison of simulated results with experimental ones, it was revealed that strength characteristics in experiments were well simulated by using the proposed procedure.     

Characterization and application of polypropylene films modified with stimuli‐sensitive copolymers with an Ar‐plasma postpolymerization technique

Surface‐modified polypropylene (PP) films with thermally and photochemically sensitive copolymers consisting of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and 4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenyl methacrylate (MPAP), poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP)‐g‐PP (abbreviated g‐PP) film, were prepared by graft copolymerization with an Ar‐plasma postpolymerization technique. The surfaces of the g‐PP films were characterized by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy; the percentage grafting of poly(HPMA‐co‐MPAP) with a number‐average molecular weight of 3.28 × 10⁴ was 7.12%, and the molar ratio of HPMA–MPAH in the copolymer was 0.75:0.25. The stimuli‐sensitive adsorption of albumin and polystyrene microspheres on the g‐PP film was also measured. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 143–148, 2003     

Cell Development Enhanced Bionic Silk Hydrogel on Remodeling Immune Pathogenesis of Spinal Cord Injury via M2 Polarization of Microglial

Due to the complex spatial-temporal pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), effective modulation of SCI-specific inflammatory pathogenesis to achieve desirable therapeutic effects on functional recovery still remains challenging. Herein, cell-enhanced photocrosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels with extracellular matrix-mimicking cues of mechanical properties and RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) signals are gelled in situ to fill the lesion site to modulate injury-induced neuroinflammation and promote neurite regrowth after SCI. The bionic hydrogel system provides biomimetic mechanical cues to promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurite growth by activating YAP nuclear expression. Importantly, favored by the strong capacity of silk fibroin hydrogels on macrophage/microglia recruitment, NPCs encapsulated hydrogel (NPCs@SFRGD0.1) effectively promotes recruited macrophages/microglia to M2 polarization in the lesion site by releasing S100A4 and thereby remodels the inflammatory microenvironment after SCI. Moreover, NPCs@SFRGD0.1 successfully reduces glial scar formation and accelerates corticospinal tract axon regrowth to improve locomotor recovery. Overall, this work contributes to illustrating the therapeutic mechanism of NPCs development based biomaterial therapies on modulating inflammatory microenvironment and this NPCs enhanced silk fibroin hydrogel provides a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI.     

Imperatorin Improves Obesity-Induced Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Injury Mediated by P2X4 Receptor in Stellate Sympathetic Ganglion

Obesity can activate the inflammatory signal pathway, induce in the body a state of chronic inflammation, and increase the excitability of the sympathetic nervous system, which may induce sympathetic neuropathic injury. The stellate sympathetic ganglia (SG) can express the P2X4 receptor, and the abnormal expression of the P2X4 receptor is related to inflammation. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin plant which has anti-inflammatory effects. This project aimed to investigate whether IMP can affect the expression of P2X4 receptors in the SG of obese rats to display a protective effect from high-fat-triggered cardiac sympathetic neuropathic injury. Molecular docking through homology modelling revealed that IMP had good affinity for the P2X4 receptor. Our results showed that compared with the normal group, the administration of IMP or P2X4 shRNA decreased sympathetic excitement; reduced the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase; downregulated the expression of P2X4 receptors in SG; and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in the SG and serum of obese rats significantly. In addition, the expression of factors associated with the cell pyroptosis GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP-3, and IL-18 in obese rats were significantly higher than those of the normal rats, and such effects were decreased after treatment with IMP or P2X4 shRNA. Furthermore, IMP significantly reduced the ATP-activated currents in HEK293 cells transfected with P2X4 receptor. Thus, the P2X4 receptor may be a key target for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic excitement. IMP can improve obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic excitement, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of P2X4 receptor expression and activity in the SG, suppression of cellular pyroptosis in the SG, and reduction of inflammatory factor levels.     

MODICON／984在NaY分子筛合成过程优化控制中的应用

介绍了以６ｋｔ／ａＮＹ分子筛装置为对象，采用ＭＯＤＩＣＯＮ／９８４对分子筛成胶晶化过程复杂的开关量连锁回导显示、搅拌机开停车及导向剂配制等过程进行序化控制，以 ＭＯＤＵＢＳ网络协议与ＤＣＳ实现开放通讯，取得了很好的控制效果。     

Effect of Cation Doping on the Superplastic Flow in Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals

The superplastic characteristics of various cation-doped yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) were examined. For 1 mol% cation doping the true stress of Y-TZP is very dependent on the ionic radii of the doped cations; for instance, smaller cation radii give rise to lower true stress when compared with the other compositions for the same grain size, strain rate, and testing temperature. The altered true stress level must be due to the change in diffusivity of the accommodation process for grain boundary sliding caused by the addition of cations in ZrO₂. The strain to failure of the doped zirconia is affected by both ionic radius and valence of the dopant cations.     

Compact electrostatic levitator for diffraction measurements with a two axis diffractometer and a laboratory x-ray source

A compact electrostatic levitator was developed for the structural analysis of high-temperature liquids by x-ray diffraction methods. The size of the levitator was 200 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height and can be set up on a two axis diffractometer with a laboratory x-ray source, which is very convenient in performing structural measurements of high-temperature liquids. In particular, since the laboratory x-ray source allows a great amount of user time, preliminary or challenging experiments can be performed with trial and error, which prepares and complements synchrotron x-ray experiments. The present small apparatus also provides the advantage of portability and facility of setting. To demonstrate the capability of this electrostatic levitator, the static structure factors of alumina and silicon samples in their liquid phases were successfully measured.     

超细HMX和RDX撞击感度的研究

利用爆炸概率法对超细奥克托今（ＨＭＸ）和黑索今（ＲＤＸ）的撞击感度进行了研究。试验结果表明：超细ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ的爆炸分数相比军用标准样品的值有较大幅度下降。文章分析了撞击感度降低的原因,并展望了超细炸药在高能量、低感度炸药研制中的重要意义。     

盐类溶解动力学多参数自动跟踪系统

设计了一个用于盐类溶解动力学研究的微机与多台仪器联机的自动测量系统。主机采用ＡｐｐｌｅⅡ微型机，系统控制相应的仪器对溶液的多种参数，如ｐＨ值、电导率和多种离子的浓度进行在线测量，并显示和打印测量结果，实现了对溶解动力学多参数的自动跟踪，文中介绍了该系统的硬件和软件设计，并给出了用该系统实际测量的结果。     

连接肽对β-木糖苷酶HJ14GH43热适应性的影响

为揭示连接肽对β-木糖苷酶热适应性的影响机制,本文通过替换β-木糖苷酶HJ14GH43的连接肽序列获得突变子MutLK10,利用大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)对其进行重组异源表达。表达后对MutLK10纯酶进行酶学特性和蛋白质结构分析。结果表明:突变酶MutLK10的最适温度为20 ℃,相比野生酶HJ14GH43降低5 ℃。突变酶MutLK10在20 ℃和10 ℃下处理60 min后分别保持约28%和69%的相对酶活,而野生酶HJ14GH43在20 ℃和10 ℃下处理60 min后分别保持约70%和88%的相对酶活。突变酶的最适温度和热稳定性与野生酶相比均降低。野生酶和突变酶的连接肽是位于蛋白质表面的一段无规则卷曲区域。蛋白质结构分析表明:突变后该区域内的负电势面积增大,由此带来的是该区域内亲水性的增加。结论:增大连接肽中的酸性氨基酸比例,使β-木糖苷酶通过增加表面负电势面积来竞争水合作用,从而增加酶与溶剂的相互作用并最终使酶能适应低温环境。本研究结果可为β-木糖苷酶及其它类型酶的热适应性改性研究提供参考。