THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON FRUIT QUALITY AND COMPRESSION LOAD FOR CRACKING OF WALNUTS (Juglans regia L.)

Nuts of walnut (Juglans regia L.), cultivated in the district of Denizli (altitude of 300 m) and Cameli (altitude, 1200 m) in the Aegean region of Turkey, were used to determine the effects of altitude on fruit quality and the force and energy required to crack the nuts. The varieties used were Bilecik, Sebin, Yalova‐1, Yalova‐3 and Yalova‐4. For all cultivars, walnut trees grown at the higher altitude produced small size nuts with thick shells. Based on the average for all cultivars, kernel removal quality decreased with high altitude. The nuts obtained from the high‐altitude location were lighter‐colored and required more force to fracture the nuts than those harvested at the low altitude. The amount of energy required to crack the nuts was higher for the nuts grown at the low‐altitude location except for the cultivar, Sebin.     

基于特征融合的维吾尔文笔迹鉴别

针对采用纹理方法鉴别维吾尔文不稳定的问题,提出一种与文本无关、特征融合的笔迹鉴别方法,融合的特征包括网格窗口微结构特征和笔迹曲向特征。所提方法从笔迹原始图像提取笔画边缘,对笔迹的边缘图像建立大量局部窗口模型,通过扫描边缘图像获取融合特征结构的概率密度分布,使用多种距离公式计算概率密度向量间的距离。在实验笔迹容量大小为80的笔迹库上进行实验得到的鉴别率为89.2%。所提方法能很好地刻画笔迹的局部书写变化趋势和笔画的曲向,采用概率密度分布来统计笔迹的网格窗口微结构特征和曲向特征,鉴别效果达到了预期值。     

Boldine provides protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in Wistar rats: Role of oxidative stress,inflammation and caspase-3

Side effects of cisplatin, especially dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, are major factors limiting its use in cancer. Boldine ((S)-2, 9-dihydroxy-1, 10-dimethoxy-aporphine) is a natural alkaloid known for its strong antioxidant activity present in leaves/bark of boldo tree (Peumus boldus Molina), a native tree in Chile. Here, we aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of boldine and its underlying mechanisms on cisplatin-induced rat renal injury. Thirty Wistar albino rats divided into 5 groups (Control, Cis, Bold.40, Cis + Bold.20, Cis + Bold.40 groups) were used. Rats received boldine (20 or 40 mg/kg/day), or vehicle (saline) intraperitoneal for 14 days and a single dose cisplatin (7 mg/kg, ip) was applied on the 10th day to induce nephrotoxicity. Rats and kidney tissue were weighed to determine kidney index. Blood urea nitrojen (BUN) and creatinine levels, the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, an index of lipid peroxidation), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured and histopathologic examination was performed. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 expressions were detected immunohistochemically. Nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin was apparent by elevated levels of BUN, creatinine, kidney index, TBARS and TNF-α, and decreased body weight, SOD and GPx enzyme levels. Pretreatment with boldine protected the renal function at both boldine doses by fixing the renal damage markers, oxidative stress, caspase-3 and iNOS expression. Histopathological findings supported biochemical findings. Taken together these findings indicate that boldine has promising protective effect against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by improving oxidative stress, inflammation, histopathological alterations and by alleviating caspase 3 expression.     

“对叶大戟”总黄酮的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

研究"对叶大戟"总黄酮的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性。在单因素试验的基础上,选定乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度等4个因素对"对叶大戟"总黄酮提取率的影响。选用L9(34)表进行正交试验,确定从"对叶大戟"中提取黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度为50%,料液比1∶25(g/m L),提取时间30 min,超声温度30℃。在此条件下提取的"对叶大戟"总黄酮含量为3.5%。影响总黄酮提取率所选的因素主次顺序为:提取时间(D)提取温度(A)料液比(C)乙醇浓度(B)。抗氧化性试验结果表明,对叶大戟总黄酮对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基清除能力。即"对叶大戟"总黄酮的抗氧化活性强于VC。     

The Surfaces of Memory in Berlin

This article uses the demolition of the Palace of the Republic, razed in order to reconstruct the Hohenzollern City Palace, as a lens to view the complex relations between the urban manifestations of collective memory and the contemporary architecture in Berlin. Berlin's search for a historical identity is manifested in contradictory ways; while the concern for architecture shrinks to surfaces as representations of "traditional" images, the surface of the city expands, transforming Berlin into an archaeological site, unearthing historical layers beneath it. The site of the Palace of the Republic constitutes a micro model, representing these facets of urban transformation.     

一种基于P2P机制的网格资源发现方法的研究

传统的网格资源发现系统采用集中式或者层次化的结构,但这些结构不能满足网格系统规模不断扩大的需求。而P2P系统是一种扩展性好的分布式系统,采用已有的P2P技术解决网格环境下的资源发现问题是一种有效的途径。简要介绍了目前采用P2P技术解决网格资源发现的问题,提出了一种采用超级节点模型和资源主动声明机制相结合的资源发现方法,并给出相应的算法描述,最后验证了其有效性。     

维吾尔语笔迹鉴别方法研究

笔迹鉴别是通过机器分析手写笔迹风格的差异特征来判断书写人身份的一门科学与技术.就像语音、指纹、虹膜和脸谱等生物特征识别技术一样是一个典型的模式识别问题.笔迹鉴别可分为在线、离线两种.笔迹鉴别方法可以分为两大类:文本依存的方法和文本独立的方法.主要针对离线维吾尔语手写体笔迹鉴别方法展开研究,力求提取笔迹图像的全局特征,以提供更多更有效的鉴别信息,结合维吾尔语自身特点对与文本无关的笔迹鉴别中预处理和特征提取技术进行了细致的研究.     

THE FORMATION OF HISTAMINE IN HERBY CHEESE DURING RIPENING

The purpose of this study is to observe the formation of histamine throughout the period of ripening in herby cheese. Herby cheese samples were made from raw milk and buried in soil where they mature in 3 months. Samples were taken on the first, seventh, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of ripening. The moistness, content pH, salt and (total aerobic mesophile bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria and yeasts and mold) changes were observed. The concentration of histamine are 2.19 mg/100 g on the first day of ripening. It gradually increased and reached 4.62 mg/100 g on the 90th day. Consequently, the histamine that was observed in herby cheese during the ripening appears to be not important for public health.     

基于微结构特征的维吾尔文笔迹鉴别

对离线的文本无关的笔迹鉴别进行研究,结合维吾尔文文字连写多、字形复杂等特点,采用基于概率分布函数的微结构特征笔迹鉴别,提出一种维吾尔文的笔迹鉴别方法。该方法对笔迹中局部细微结构的书写变化趋势进行描述,运用欧氏距离和Manhattan距离度量方法进行笔迹特征匹配。对120份维吾尔族学生的笔迹样本进行测试,结果表明,该方法能有效提高维吾尔文笔迹鉴别的正确率。     

ANTIOXIDANT ROLE OF CHITOSAN IN A COOKED COD (GADUS MORHUA) MODEL SYSTEM

Chitosan with different molecular weights (14, 57 and 360 cP apparent viscosity) was effective in controlling the oxidation of lipids of comminuted cod (Gadus morhua) following cooking. Both peroxide (PV) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were reduced as a result of treatment of fish prior to cooking with 50, 100 and 200 ppm of 14, 57 and 360 cP chitosans. Inhibition of oxidation was concentration-dependent and highest for the 14 cP chitosan.