In this letter, a titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) coated D-shaped fiber is proposed and demonstrated as a new saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switched laser pulse generation. In preparing the SA, the Ti3AlC2 powder is dispersed in liquid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) before the solution is dropped and left to dry onto a polished surface of D-shape fiber. The SA is added to an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity to modulate the cavity loss for Q-switching. The Q-switched laser is obtained at 1 561 nm. The pulse width of the pulses can be varied between 7.4 µs and 5.1 µs with a corresponding repetition rate range from 41.26 kHz to 54.35 kHz, when the pump power is increased from 42.2 mW to 71.5 mW. At 71.5 mW pump, the pulse energy is obtained at 70.3 nJ. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the fundamental frequency is recorded at 67 dB, which indicates the stability of the laser. 相似文献
Service robots are used by ordinary people in their houses and offices. For such users, a desirable way to communicate with robots is through natural language interfaces. So far, techniques for developing robot natural language interfaces are far from mature. A major challenge is handling ambiguity, uncertainty, and vagueness in parsing, object resolution, and vague natural language words. In this research, we develop a new approach called the collaborative behavior-based approach, in which behaviors of robots and behaviors of human users, as well as the changes of object states caused by the behaviors, are taken into consideration integratedly in processing natural language user instructions. In this paper, we analyze the special features of a human–robot interface that may affect language understanding, describe our approach that is designed based on the features, and present the implementation and some experimental results. 相似文献
The mass transfer of substrates through a bio-catalytic membrane layer is a key issue in determining the performance of β-galactosidase-catalyzed conversion of lactose in a hollow fiber membrane reactor (HFMR) system. An investigation on the effect of solutes mass transfer through a bio-catalytic membrane layer was carried out using the coupled mass transfer-reaction model. Product formation was reduced at a trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of higher than 0.5?bar. Meanwhile, the concentration polarization modulus of solutes rapidly increased with higher TMP and this result suggests the formation of gel layer, which reduced bio-catalysis rate at higher applied TMP. The concentration profile of solutes or substrates on the bio-catalytic membrane surface, which determines the rate of reaction was reduced due to mass transfer limitation. This investigation highlights that the formation of substrate-β-gal complex in an immobilized system is influenced by the mass transfer behavior of its substrate. 相似文献
The application of solvent-aided crystallization (SAC) is based on the addition of a solvent, here 1-butanol, to crude biodiesel to catalyze the purification process by separating biodiesel from contaminants via crystallization process. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the process parameters of SAC, represented by biodiesel purity. The purified biodiesel was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the composition of the present fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Under the predicted optimum process conditions within the experimental ranges for the highest biodiesel purity, the predicted biodiesel purity was 99.375 %. 相似文献
Artificial neural network (ANN) aimed to simulate the behavior of the nervous system as well as the human brain. Neural network models are mathematical computing systems inspired by the biological neural network in which try to constitute animal brains. ANNs recently extended, presented, and applied by many research scholars in the area of geotechnical engineering. After a comprehensive review of the published studies, there is a shortage of classification of study and research regarding systematic literature review about these approaches. A review of the literature reveals that artificial neural networks is well established in modeling retaining walls deflection, excavation, soil behavior, earth retaining structures, site characterization, pile bearing capacity (both skin friction and end-bearing) prediction, settlement of structures, liquefaction assessment, slope stability, landslide susceptibility mapping, and classification of soils. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a systematic review of methodologies and applications with recent ANN developments in the subject of geotechnical engineering. Regarding this, a major database of the web of science has been selected. Furthermore, meta-analysis and systematic method which called PRISMA has been used. In this regard, the selected papers were classified according to the technique and method used, the year of publication, the authors, journals and conference names, research objectives, results and findings, and lastly solution and modeling. The outcome of the presented review will contribute to the knowledge of civil and/or geotechnical designers/practitioners in managing information in order to solve most types of geotechnical engineering problems. The methods discussed here help the geotechnical practitioner to be familiar with the limitations and strengths of ANN compared with alternative conventional mathematical modeling methods.
This paper presents the modeling and analysis of a proposed label–quality of service (QoS) switching protocol for heterogeneous robot in a swarm. Establishing the data communication and network in multirobot task allocation is an important aspect in robot collaboration. Instead of passing the data through the cloud network, each robot can be configured as a node in its swarm for intercommunication. This research was conducted to model and propose aggregation and classification methods in a swarm robot network inspired from multiprotocol label switching, namely, label‐QoS switching protocol. Each packet of data is forwarded with a proposed 2‐side label values that are concerned with addressing and QoS. This proposed protocol was applied in each of the node's routing, and it was set up with forwarding information table. The simulation and analysis were conducted in 2 situations: (1) with a constant n–label switch mobile robot and a number of packet data increasing with time and (2) with a constant number of packet and varying n–label switch mobile robot by time. With reference to the network parameter performances, it shows that the anomaly treatment by the proposed protocol is able to prioritize the data forwarding between the robots at the edge of the swarm with class of service although the robot community at the center is increasing or getting crowded. 相似文献
Incorporation of inorganic fillers into Polysulfone (PSF) to constitute mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has become a viable solution to prevail over limitations of the pristine materials in natural gas sweetening process. Nevertheless, preparation of MMMs without defects and empirical investigation of membrane that exhibits characteristic of improved CO2/CH4 separation performance at experimental scale are difficult that require prior knowledge on compatibility between the filler and polymer. A computational framework has been conducted to construct validated PSF based MMMs using silica (SiO2) as inorganic fillers. It is known that nanosized SiO2 can coexist in varying polymorph configurations (ie, α-Quartz, α-Cristobalite, α-Tridymite) but molecular simulation study of SiO2 polymorphs to form MMMs is limited. Therefore, this work is a pioneering study to elucidate feasibility in facile utilization of polymorphs to improve gas separation performance of MMMs. Physical properties and gas transport behavior of the simulated PSF based MMMs with different SiO2 polymorphs and loadings have been elucidated. The optimal MMM has been found to be PSF/25 wt% α-Cristobalite at 55°C. The success in molecular simulation has shed light on how computational tools can provide understandings at molecular level to elucidate compatibility between varying pristine materials to MMMs for natural gas processing. 相似文献
This paper presents a high efficiency non-isolated bidirectional converter which can be employed as an interface circuit between ultracapacitors or batteries and DC bus voltage. All semiconductor devices in the proposed converter are soft switched while the control circuit remains PWM. So, the energy conversion through the converter is highly efficient. The proposed converter acts as a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) buck to charge an ultracapacitor or battery and acts as a ZVT boost to discharge an ultracapacitor or battery. The performance of the proposed converter with respect to abrupt load and operating mode change is shown through computer simulation results. The results confirm the aforementioned advantages and features of the proposed converter. 相似文献
This paper presents a textile-based C-shaped split-ring resonators (SRR) metamaterial (MTM) unit cells with an electrical tunability function. The proposed MTM was composed of two symmetrical C-shaped SRR combined with a central diagonal metal bar, whereas the RF varactor diode is placed on the backside of the splitted ground plane. Stopband behavior of single and array MTM unit cells were analyzed while the achieved negative index physical characteristics were widely studies. Though four different MTM arrays (i.e., 1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 1, and 2 × 2) were analyzed in simulation, a 2 × 2-unit cell array was chosen to fabricate, and it was further undergone experimental validation. This proposed tunable MTM exhibits double negative (DNG)/left-handed properties with an average bandwidth of more than 2.8 GHz. Furthermore, attainable negative permittivity and negative permeability are within 2.66 to 9.59 GHz and within 2.77 to 15 GHz, respectively, at the frequency of interest (between 1 and 15 GHz). Moreover, the proposed tunable MTM also showed tunable transmission coefficient characteristics. The proposed electrically tunable textile MTM might function in a dynamic mode, making it suitable for a variety of microwave-wearable applications. A satisfactory agreement between simulations and experiments were achieved, demonstrating that the proposed MTM can operate over a wide bandwidth. 相似文献