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排序方式: 共有87条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of shea fat: A rural approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Marama bean is a protein-rich, underutilised, drought-tolerant legume in sub-Saharan Africa. Its utilisation may be increased through value addition into protein-rich flours. Defatted flour from unheated and dry-heated (150 °C/20 min) whole marama beans (UMF and HMF) were analysed for physicochemical and protein-based functional properties. Heating significantly increased in vitro protein digestibility of marama bean flour. Of functional importance are the high levels of tyrosine present in marama bean flours. Heating significantly reduced protein solubility and emulsifying capacity of marama bean flours whilst water absorption capacity was improved. Foaming capacity was not affected by heating. UMF could be useful in food systems requiring high emulsifying capacity, but would not be suitable for applications requiring high water absorption and foaming capacity. Due to its high protein contents, marama bean flour could be used to increase the protein quality of cereal-based foods to help alleviate protein-energy nutrition in the region. 相似文献
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In a previous study irradiation of cowpea flours and pastes at medium (10 kGy) and high (50 kGy) doses resulted in significant changes in protein-related functional properties. To understand some of the effects of gamma irradiation on cowpea proteins in particular, we isolated proteins from cowpea flours (FPC) and pastes (PPC) treated with gamma irradiation at 2, 10, and 50 kGy and analyzed their functional, thermal and molecular properties. Nitrogen solubility index of both FPC and PPC decreased, whereas oil absorption and emulsion capacities increased significantly with increasing irradiation dose. Differential scanning calorimetry showed decreases in transition temperatures (Td) and enthalpies (ΔH), indicating a progressive denaturation of cowpea proteins with increasing irradiation. Size exclusion HPLC revealed increases in protein molecular weights, probably due to protein–protein cross-linking with irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Reducing SDS-PAGE of FPC and PPC samples seems to suggest that the contribution of disulphide bonds to irradiation-induced cowpea protein–protein cross-linking is small. 相似文献
5.
Twambo Hachibamba Linda Dykes Joseph Awika Amanda Minnaar Kwaku G. Duodu 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2013,48(12):2638-2649
Consumption of diets rich in phenolic compounds has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. The effect of cooking and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) types was determined. Phenolic acids, flavan‐3‐ols and flavonols were the main groups of phenolic compounds identified. Cooking and simulated enzyme digestion of the cooked cowpea samples rendered some phenolics less extractable (possibly by promoting binding with other food components) or more extractable (possibly by release of bound forms). Total phenolic contents and radical scavenging properties of the cowpeas were reduced upon cooking, but increased upon simulated enzyme digestion. Cowpea extracts inhibited human LDL oxidation at a concentration of 2 mg mL?1 possibly due to their phenolic content. Phenolic compounds in cowpea can potentially protect against cardiovascular diseases for which LDL oxidation is a risk factor. 相似文献
6.
Herta Aidoo Esther Sakyi-Dawson Kwaku Tano-Debrah Firibu Kwesi Saalia 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2010,43(1):79-85
This study explored the feasibility of producing peanut–cowpea milk for use in vegetable milk chocolates. Development of the vegetable milk followed a 3 × 2 factorial design, with peanut–cowpea ratio (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3), and treatment with enzyme (i.e. enzyme hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed milk) as the factors. The milk was dehydrated and then milled using a hammer mill (mesh size 40). It was then used in recipes to produce chocolates and evaluated sensorially based on ranking for preference. Skimmed milk powder was used to produce the control chocolate. The ratio of cowpea to peanut affected the chemical and functional characteristics of the vegetable milk. Vegetable milk made from 1:2 ratios of peanuts:cowpea produced the most preferred chocolates. The successful application of this by industry will improve the utilization of the legume crops and enhance their market value. 相似文献
7.
WJ Hoekstra BL Hulshizer DF McComsey P Andrade-Gordon JA Kauffman MF Addo D Oksenberg RM Scarborough BE Maryanoff 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,8(13):1649-1654
Phorbol ester treatment of MCF-7 cells led to the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PKC delta. However, through Western blot analysis and in vitro immunecomplex kinase assays, we detected a differential localization of tyrosine-phosphorylated PKC delta and catalytically active PKC delta. Catalytically active PKC delta was concentrated in Triton X-100 solubilized-membrane fractions while tyrosine-phosphorylated PKC delta was localized to the cytosol fraction. Phorbol ester treatment of MCF-7 cells stimulated both the time-dependent in vivo association of Src with PKC delta, evidenced in Src immunoprecipitates by the co-immunoprecipitation of PKC delta, and activation of Src, evidenced in Src immunoprecipitates as an increase in reactivity with a Src antibody (clone 28) reactive only with active Src (dephosphorylated on residue 530) and in Src and PKC delta immunoprecipitates by an increase in Src kinase activity. While our data are consistent with reports in the literature showing the activator/stimulus-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta, our data show that the tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta is not essential for kinase activity. These results are the first to demonstrate an in vivo association between PKC delta and active Src in the absence of over-expression of either PKC delta or Src, and support the association of Src and PKC delta towards a physiological function. 相似文献
8.
Metallization failure in integrated circuits has been a problem in the semiconductor electronics industry since the advent of thin film technology. One of these problems is electromigration void formation and open metallization. Various techniques of solving the problem and methods of predicting lifetimes have been presented, but device lifetimes have not correlated well with experimental predictions. This is mainly because experimenters have in the past found it more feasible and economical to use short test stripes on a flat topology and stressed at extreme current densities and temperatures. In this work, AlSi and AlCuSi metallizations were fabricated to run over a topology similar to a typical double-poly N-channel MOS I.C., with numerous steps and contacts. It was found that the contacts and steps were more susceptible to metallization failures. However with process variation to improve step coverage, and also with Cu doping, an improvement in lifetime of 20 and 50 respectively could be obtained. A current density relationship of J?1.70 was obtained, indicating that an error of about 56 times could be made, thereby under-estimating device lifetime prediction if a value of J?2 was assumed as is normally done. 相似文献
9.
Sarpong Frederick Zhou Cunshan Bai Junwen Amenorfe Leticia Peace Golly Moses Kwaku Ma Haile 《Food science and biotechnology》2019,28(1):75-85
Food Science and Biotechnology - Drying and β-carotenes retention kinetics were predicted using models in relative humidity (RH) drying condition. This was achieved by drying carrot slices... 相似文献
10.
Deborah Darko Dennis Trolle Ruby Asmah Karsten Bolding Kwaku A. Adjei Samuel N. Odai 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2019,45(1):73-86
Climatic changes influence the thermal and oxygen dynamics of a lake and thus its ecological functioning. The impacts of climatic changes on tropical lakes are so far poorly studied and the extent of the effects is therefore uncertain, most investigations describing only potential effects. In this study, we applied the one-dimensional lake ecosystem model GOTM-ERGOM to quantify the effects of climate change on thermal stratification, oxygen dynamics, and primary production in meso-oligotrophic Lake Volta. GOTM-ERGOM was calibrated and validated using two years of observed data. The validated model was used to evaluate a series of future climate change scenarios. The model simulations showed good agreement with observed water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a and indicated intensified stratification and reduced oxygen levels in the productive water layers of the lake. However, the longer-lasting stratification (prolonged stability) did not translate into permanent stratification. A relatively small (1?m) upward shift of thermocline depth resulted in an 8%–12% volume loss of the oxygen-rich upper mixed layer, which may be significant for the fisheries of the lake as it diminishes the size of suitable fish habitats. Light limitation of primary production renders the lake somewhat resilient to intensive algae blooms, as traceable in both the present and in the future climate scenarios. In the long term, the ongoing climate change may affect riparian communities that depend on the lake's fisheries for their livelihood. In consequence, future lake management strategies for implementation need to account for the impacts of future climate change. 相似文献