Anti-CEA-scintigraphy turned out very reliable in detecting primary and recurrent colorectal cancer, its overall accuracy being more than 90 p.c. The intraoperative application of this technology should provide similar results when focussing at extrahepatic tumor deposits, for example in lymph nodes, thus allowing accurate staging of the underlying disease. To test this hypothesis we lauched the following feasibility-study the results of which are compared to those reported in the recent literature. We investigated 20 patients-six with rectum-, 14 with colon cancer, 24 hours before surgery they were intravenously given 1 ml of an fab-fragment-antibody to CEA, labeled with 25mCi of 99mTc (CEA-Scan). During surgery the radioactivity in lymph glands regionary for the tumors was measured and compared to the-much lower-activity in healthy nodes. For this we used a scintillation-probe (C-Trak). All lymph nodes of interest were-then excised and submitted to frozen section pathology. In 7/20 cases scintimetry led to an up-staging of the disease. In addition we found metastatic spread to lymph nodes that were basically not regionary for the primary tumor. Our results are confirmed by those of other investigators. Scintimetry can precisely identify even very small tumor deposits. So it leads to accurate staging when surgery is still on-going. In a next step the concept of sentinel-node-diagnosis, which is right now being clinically evaluated, may be applied is colorectal surgical oncology. 相似文献
The authors present a new simple method for designing turbo codes with unequal error protection (UEP). An example is given to provide numerical evidence of its effectiveness 相似文献
A theoretical approach to the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of molten thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, under conditions of thermoplastic processing, is described. On the basis of these considerations, the thermal decomposition in different instruments (melt index analyser and measuring extruder) can be described quantitatively and the various results can be compared. As a result, identical conditions of decomposition of the melt can be defined accurately, thus opening up the possibility of combining experimental values from different instruments. The fundamental kinetic equation obtained for the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of thermoplastic polyurethanes describes the decomposition reaction and the reverse reaction (formation reaction) – which is dependent on the system of measurement and processing – as a function of the molar mass (end‐group concentration) of the original product, determined from the velocity constants for the decomposition reaction and back reaction. The consideration of the limiting value for t → ∞ is in agreement with the equilibrium constant. Consequently, the development of physical characteristic functions of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers – independent of the system of measurement – is possible.
Experimental values and calculated curves for the thermal decomposition of PUR‐Et in a melt index analyser. 相似文献
In-situ full-field measurements became one of the drivers for process understanding, model creation, validation and inverse analysis. Therefore, a novel spatio-temporal optical flow method for the robust measurement of higher-order strain derivatives is proposed. This computer vision approach overcomes inherent restrictions of established DIC methods. For advanced process analysis of shear cutting processes, the deformation curvature (2nd-order displacement derivative) and the respective rate (3rd-order displacement derivative) are of high interest. For the first time, it is possible to quantify experimentally these higher-order derivatives in sufficient quality with the proposed spatio-temporal optical flow approach. In addition, interesting correlations between the microstructure of the material and macroscopic process results are determined. This demonstrates the potential of the novel in-situ measurement approach for the advanced process analysis of metal forming processes in general. 相似文献
