MEDIATION AND PSEUDOMEDIATION: A REPLY TO HORTON.

D. L. HORTON (SEE 42:4) HAS ATTEMPTED TO REJECT B. EARHARD AND G. MANDLER'S (SEE 40:3) INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM EXPERIMENTS WHERE "MEDIATION" HAS BEEN PRODUCED BY STANDARD PAIRED-ASSOCIATE PROCEDURES. IT IS ARGUED THAT (1) HORTON'S REVIEW OF UNLEARNING DATA IS INADEQUATE AND THAT EVIDENCE OF UNLEARNING IS PRESENT IN STUDIES HE CITES AS PROVIDING NO EVIDENCE OF UNLEARNING; (2) HIS EVALUATION OF THE INTERLIST INTERFERENCE INTERPRETATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH OF THE MEDIATED FACILITATION, MEDIATED INTERFERENCE, AND PSEUDOMEDIATION PARADIGMS, AND THE STANDARD CONTROL PARADIGM IS UNSATISFACTORY; AND (3) HIS CONTENTION THAT THE MOST ADEQUATE ACCOUNT OF AVAILABLE DATA IS PROVIDED BY MEDIATION THEORY IS ACHIEVED ONLY AT THE EXPENSE OF PASSING OVER A VERY SUBSTANTIAL BODY OF DATA INCOMPATIBLE WITH A MEDIATION INTERPRETATION OF PAIRED-ASSOCIATE PARADIGMS. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (30 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

NITROSAMINES IN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

A limited survey was carried out to determine the nitrosamine content of several varieties of alcoholic beverages (beer and ale, whiskey, wine, cider, etc.) sold in Canada. Of 22 samples of different beers and ales analyzed all but one contained traces of dimethylnitrosamine; the overall mean level found was 1.5 ppb. Only one Canadian rye and one Scotch whiskey out of a total of 13 samples contained traces of either dimethylnitrosamine or diethylnitrosamine. All the 8 wines and 7 cider samples were negative.     

Preparation of Mullite-Zirconia Composites from Glass Powder

Glass powders with the composition mullite/5 wt% ZrO₂, prepared by rapid solidification, were used to prepare a poly-crystalline ceramic by hot-pressing to 1040°C. The as-prepared structure consisted of a fine-grain-sized (∼0.1 μm) solid solution of ZrO₂ in a tetragonal form of mullite. Heat treatment between 1300° and 1660°C resulted in a range of microstructures consisting of tetragonal ZrO₂ particles dispersed in mullite. Transformable tetragonal ZrO₂ was observed only after heat treatment at 1600°C.     

Viability of probiotic micro-organisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12) in ice cream

The purpose of this research was to determine the survival of two probiotic micro-organisms in ice creams (4% fat). The micro-organisms were Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis Bb-12 . To meet this objective, an ice cream mixture was formulated and subjected to three treatments. Treatment 1 was inoculated with L. acidophilus , treatment 2 with B. lactis and the third treatment was inoculated with a mixture of both bacteria inoculated in 1 : 1 proportions. The inoculation was with 4% culture for each treatment. The final products were stored at −25°C for 60 days. The ice cream inoculated with L. acidophilus had a final concentration of 2 × 10 ⁶ cfu/g and the survival rate was 87%. The treatment inoculated with B. lactis had a final concentration of 9 × 10 ⁶ cfu/g, with a logarithmic decrease of 10%. When both micro-organisms were inoculated together, the survival rate was 86%.     

Determining the Critical Strain Energy Release Rate of Plasma-Sprayed Coatings Using a Double-Cantilever-Beam Technique

A double-cantilever-beam (DCB) method for determining critical strain energy release rate (G_Ic) values from plasma-sprayed coatings is described in detail. This approach, involving acoustic emission (AE) methodology, yielded up to 25 results per specimen and was successful in providing cohesive G_Ic values for plasma-sprayed coatings of Al₂O₃-2.5 wt% TiO₂, Ni-20 wt% Al, as well as two ostensibly identical, 99.5% commercially pure Al₂O₃ coatings. Adhesive G _Ic data from Al₂O₃-40 wt% TiO₂ coatings was also obtained. Results showed a G _Ic dependence on crack length, and a number of possibilities, based on fractography, the AE response of the coatings during testing, and crack velocity measurements, are advanced to explain this occurrence. Differences in G _Ic values between coatings were found to correlate with differences in powder/coating properties. The DCB method was also used to investigate batch differences and the effect on toughness of sealing an alumina coating. Problems associated with this method of testing are addressed.     

TESTER BIAS AND RESPONSE TO PROJECTIVE INSTRUMENTS.

2 GROUPS OF E-SS ADMINISTERED XEROX COPIES OF 5 HOLTZMAN INKBLOTS WITH THE EXPECTATION OF OBTAINING EITHER A HIGH OR A LOW TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONSES. 1 GROUP FORMULATED THEIR OWN EXPECTATIONS, THE OTHER WAS GIVEN EXPECTATIONS. THE "GIVEN" GROUP WAS SUBDIVIDED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR SCORES ON A TEST MEASURING THE TENDENCY TO ACQUIESCE TO PSYCHOLOGISTS AS PRESTIGEFUL FIGURES. BIAS WAS FOUND TO BE AN ESPECIALLY STRONG PHENOMENON, INDEPENDENT OF THE SOURCE OF THE HYPOTHESIS (OWN OR GIVEN), SS, PRESTIGE ACQUIESCENCE, NUMBER OF QUESTIONS ASKED IN INQUIRY, OR E-SS' KNOWLEDGE OF THE PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT. SOME EVIDENCE WAS OBTAINED SUGGESTING THAT LEARNING, PERHAPS IN THE FORM OF VERBAL CONDITIONING, MIGHT BE A BIAS-MEDIATING PROCESS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pulsed Ultra High Pressure Treatments for Pasteurization of Pineapple Juice

Sinusoidal and step-pressure pulses were compared with static pressure treatments for the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2407-1a in pineapple juice. No inactivation was observed after 40–4,000 fast sinusoidal pulses (10 cycles/s) at 4–400 sec in the 235–270 MPa range. Static 270 MPa treatments at 40 and 400 sec resulted in 0.7 and 5.1 decimal reductions, respectively. Slower 0–270 MPa step pulses at 0.1 (10 pulses), 1 (100 pulses), and 2 (200 pulses) cycles/s with 100 sec total on-pressure time resulted in 3.3, 3.5, and 3.3 decimal reductions, respectively. A comparable static pressure treatment resulted in 2.5 decimal reductions. Changing the on-pressure/off-pressure time ratio (3:1, 3:3 and 1:3) showed that treatments with longer on-pressure time, e.g., 0.6 sec on-pressure and 0.2 sec off-pressure were significantly more effective showing nearly a 4 decimal reduction in 100 sec.