Suppression of Thermal Denaturation of Myosin Subfragment-1 of Alaska Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) by Sorbitol and Accelerated Inactivation by Pyrophosphate

Thermal denaturation of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1), prepared from myofibrils (Mf) of Alaska pollack dorsal muscle by chymotryptic digestion, was well suppressed by sorbitol addition in a concentration dependent relationship. ATP and ADP also suppressed the ATPase inactivation significantly at different degrees. On the contrary, pyrophosphate (PPi) accelerated the inactivation by several-fold; half the maximal acceleration occurred at about 30 μn, M PPi concentration. The accelerated inactivation by PPi addition was remarkable at high-salt medium such as 0.5M KC1.     

Anionic Conduction in Lead Halosilicate Glasses

Electrical conductivity due to halide ions has been measured for the glasses in the system 30SiO₂· (70 − x )PbO · x PbX₂ (0 < x < 17.2 mol%; X = F, Cl). The conductivity increases with x by several orders of magnitude for both series of glasses. The contribution of principal factors to the conductivity has been examined. The analysis of the activation energy on the basis of the Anderson-Stuart model shows that the strain energy is a predominant term in the Cl glasses, while both the strain energy and the electrostatic energy have a comparable contribution in the F glasses. The decrease in the activation energy with increasing PbX₂ content is related to the decrease in the shear modulus for the Cl glasses and to the increase in the permittivity for the F glasses.     

Technical foundations of TANDEM-STRAIGHT,a speech analysis,modification and synthesis framework

This article presents comprehensive technical information about STRAIGHT and TANDEM-STRAIGHT, a widely used speech modification tool and its successor. They share the same concept: the periodic excitation found in voiced sounds is an efficient mechanism for transmitting underlying smooth time–frequency representation. The tools are also based on the perceptual equivalence of two sets of independent Gaussian random signals. This equivalence makes it possible to discard input phase information intentionally and enables flexible manipulation of parameters.     

冬夏鲤鱼鱼皮和鱼骨胶原蛋白稳定性比较

从冬季(2008 年2 月)和夏季(2008 年7 月)的鲤鱼鱼皮和鱼骨中分别提取酸溶性胶原蛋白,在一定温度下加热,通过蛋白酶的酶解和圆二色谱(CD)法研究其热稳定性。结果显示：冬季鱼皮和鱼骨酸溶性胶原蛋白的变性温度分别为31.0℃和 32.8℃,比夏季鱼皮和鱼骨酸溶性胶原蛋白的变性温度分别低1.0℃和0.6℃。通过圆二色谱(CD)法得到了与此一致的结果。测定结果显示,来源于夏季鱼皮和鱼骨胶原蛋白的热稳定性要优于冬季鱼皮和鱼骨胶原蛋白。     

Crystallographic Analysis of the Cubic-to-Tetragonal Phase Transformation in the ZrO2-Y2O3 System

The crystallography of diffusion-induced and diffusionless cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformations in the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ system is examined on the basis of the phenomenological crystallographic theory by adopting the lsqb;011rsqb; (0 1 1) twinning system as the lattice invariant deformation system. Numerical calculation indicates that the principal axes of the cubic phase are not exactly parallel to those of the tetragonal phase and that the habit plane orientation is sensitive to the lattice parameters of the cubic and tetragonal phases. The calculated results are compared with the observed crystallography of the tetragonal precipitates formed by diffusion and of the metastable tetragonal phase formed in a diffusionless manner. In many aspects, the present results were in good agreement with experimental observations. In particular, the crystallography and morphology of the so-called "herringbone" structure are very well explained by the present analysis.     

Chemical Characterization of Sardine Meat Powder Produced by Dehydration with High Osmotic Pressure Resin and Defatting with High Pressure Carbon Dioxide

Oils and fishy odor were extracted from the minced sardine meat with liquid carbon dioxide after dehydration with high osmotic pressure resin. This treatment resulted in higher quality minced sardine meat usable as “Surimi.” The lipids of the minced sardine meat defatted with liquid carbon dioxide was half that of undefatted meats; residual lipids were mainly composed of polar lipids such as phospholipids. Although soluble nitrogen and ATPase activity in sardine meat were decreased by dehydration and defatting, the Kamaboko-forming ability was present, and its flavor was improved after defatting. Moreover, sardine meat defatted with liquid carbon dioxide had good stability against protein deterioration and lipid peroxidation.     

Solubilization of Fish Muscle Myosin by Sorbitol

Sugars and their reduced forms decreased the turbidity of myofibril suspension in a concentration dependent relation. The extent of turbidity decrease was compound specific; glucose sorbitol lactitol = lactose=maltitol. Turbidity decreasing effect of sugars correlated well with the number of hydroxyl groups. Sorbitol reduced the NaCl concentration required for solubilization of myofibrils. Moreover, filament formation by myosin was strongly inhibited by sorbitol.     

Odor Components of Human Breath After the Ingestion of Grated Raw Garlic

The major odor components of finely grated, raw garlic in the air of the human mouth have been studied. Immediately after garlic ingestion, tests of the mouth air of six subjects revealed two major peaks that were positively identified as being allyl mercaptan and diallyl disulfide; these findings are based on an evaluation of the fragment patterns of a GC-MS analysis and from the actual retention times of these authentic compounds. The allyl mercaptan level was higher than the level of diallyl disulfide, although both compounds smell like garlic. Our results suggest that after garlic ingestion, allyl mercaptan is the major garlic-smelling compound in human mouth air, and diallyl disulfide is secondary.     

Calculation of radiation from a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode

We propose a method to calculate the radiation characteristics of a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode called Vlasov's antenna. Correction of the shape of the reflector, which was a parabolic cylinder in the original paper by Vlasov et al. (1975), is performed using wave-normal rays. The radiation field is calculated by means of an image source which is obtained with the geometrical optics. Some numerical results show that the radiated beam is gaussian-like in far zone. A scheme of high-power application (500kW, 106·4GHz, TE_12,2) to a beam transmission system is also presented     

鱼皮胶原蛋白性质的圆二色性和色谱法研究

从鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)和鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)鱼皮中提取酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC),并对两种胶原蛋白的性质进行研究和比较。通过圆二色性(CD)分析鲤鱼鱼皮ASC的变性温度为36℃,鳕鱼鱼皮ASC的变性温度为19.0℃,与胶原蛋白亚氨基酸含量的分析结果一致。柱色谱层析结果显示,两种胶原蛋白都由3种不同的α 链组成(α1,α2,α3),3种单链形成的聚合体含有(α1)2α2 和 α1α2α3两种不同的形式。鲤鱼和鳕鱼鱼皮α1 链的胃蛋白酶酶解图谱显示两种胶原蛋白之间存在明显的差异。