Valeur d'un test in vitro d'incorporation de glucose marque pour l'estimation de l'activité antiseborrheique

Deux methodes d'estimation de l'activité antiséborrhéique, l'une in vitro , l'autre in vivo , ont été comparées en étudiant l'action de deux produits différents: le metbufen et la N-sébaçoylméthionine. Le test in vitro d'incorporation de glucose marqué est pratiqué sur la glande préputiale de rat isolée. In vivo , sur la peau de rat castré et supplémenté par l'énanthate de testortérone, l'effet de traitement topique est suivi par l'étude histologique des glandes sébacées.
Les résultats obtenus avec les deux produits essayés présentent un parallélisme permettant de conclure à la validité du test in vitro dans le screening de molécules à activité antiséborrhéique.
An in vitro test for the evaluation of antiseborrheic activity     

Inspection and maintenance planning: an application of semi-Markov decision processes

In this paper, we consider a system which deteriorates stochastically from one time unit to another. The state of the system, which is a continuous random variable, can be observed only by inspection. The goal of this paper is to derive a predictive maintenance policy which indicates, at each inspection and according to the observed value, whether a preventive maintenance is necessary and when the next inspection should be done. The objective is to minimize the long-run average cost incurred by inspections, preventive maintenance and unexpected breakdowns. The problem is modelled by a semi-Markov decision process. Analytical properties are derived, and based on these properties, numerical methods are constructed to compute an optimal policy.     

Hydrolysis and Ultrafiltration Treatment to Improve the Nutritive Value of Rapeseed Proteins

In order to improve their nutritive value, rapeseed proteins were hydrolyzed with pepsin (60 min) and trypsin (120 min). The hydrolysate was centrifuged at 10,000 ×g for 10 mln and the soluble fraction was ultrafiltered with a Romicon cartridge having a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 daltons. Nutritional experiments with rats demonstrated that the net protein ratios obtained with rapeseed hydrolysate and ultrafdtrate (4.68 and 4.55 respectively) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of casein (4.40). The protein digestibility of the ultrafiltrate (90.3) was not different from that of casein (91.1) but higher than that of raw rapeseed flour (81.9). These hydrolysis and ultrafiltration treatments improved the nutritive value of rapeseed proteins by permitting the isolation of by-products of a molecular weight lower than 5000 daltons.     

EFFECTS OF COOKING METHODS ON SENSORY QUALITIES AND CAROTENOID RETENTION IN SELECTED VEGETABLES1

The effects of induction boiling, conventional boiling and microwave steaming on the sensory qualities and carotenoid retention of broccoli, carrots, green beans and sweet potatoes were investigated. Significantly higher cooking yields were obtained for vegetables that were induction and conventionally boiled. No differences in the retentions of alpha‐carotene (α‐carotene), beta‐carotene (β‐carotene) and lutein/zeaxanthin were observed for vegetables by the cooking method, with the exception of β‐carotene retention in broccoli and sweet potatoes where retentions were higher for those that were induction boiled (90.3 and 86.1%, respectively) than those that were microwave steamed (62.2 and 66.4%, respectively). A trained panel judged the color scores of three vegetables by the cooking method as similar. The mean flavor scores (1 = extremely bland; 9 = extremely intense) for three vegetables that were conventional (4.7–5.4) and induction (5.3–5.5) boiled were lower than those that were microwave steamed (5.9–7.0). The mean texture scores (1 = extremely mushy/tender; 9 = extremely firm/tough) for all induction‐boiled (5.0–6.0) vegetables were higher than those that were conventionally boiled (3.4–5.2) and lower than those that were microwave steamed (5.1–6.6).     

High pressure and pasteurization effect on duck foie gras

The effects of combined high pressure (300 and 400 MPa) and low temperature (50°C) treatments on the microbial contamination of duck foie gras samples were compared with those of classical thermal pasteurization (85°C at the coldest point). A multilayer packaging film (PE/PA/PE) was selected from two films commonly used for these types of food, by preliminary tests showing its ability to limit microbiological development in such samples. In each experiment, microbiological contamination was analysed on treated and untreated samples, and results were systematically compared with those obtained from a classically pasteurized sample of the same liver. A pasteurization type effect (drastic reduction of vegetative mesophilic and psychrophilic contaminations, destruction of coliforms and of Staphylococcus aureus ) was obtained at this temperature with samples pressurized at 400 MPa for at least 10 min.     

Architecture and Public Space Between Reassurance and Threat

"We modern civilizations have learned to recognize that we are mortal like the others," declared the French poet Paul Valéry shortly after the end of World War I in his essay La Crise de l'Esprit . ¹ In the aftermath of September 11, architecture and urban design have been struck by a similar realization of the frailty of what they had tried to achieve from the very beginning of modernity: an environment that would contribute to the political and social pacification of the planet. The attack against the World Trade Center meant that the twin towers were not interpreted as innocent symbols. Although initially they had been intended as a tribute to global prosperity, the terrorists targeted them as the embodiment of a worldwide system of economical and cultural oppression. ²     

The Sequence of a 54·7 kb Fragment of Yeast Chromosome XV Reveals the Presence of Two tRNAs and 24 New Open Reading Frames

A 54 719 bp fragment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV has been sequenced from the inserts of two cosmids (pEOA213 and pEOA217). The computer analysis of this sequence has revealed the presence of eight known genes (CKA2, CYC1, ALG8, TCM1, TMP1, UFE1, RTS2 and ASE1) and four open reading frames (ORFs) with strong homologies with known yeast genes (MLP1, SIS2 and HBS1 and the allantoin permease). The characteristics of the other ORFs and of the corresponding proteins do not allow postulation of a precise function. Several have features reminiscent of cytoskeleton or motor elements (keratin-like, myosin-like) and several others have characteristics of proteins which interact with DNA (extremely basic, b-Zip structure and/or acidic domains). Two tRNAs (tRNA^Lys and tRNA^Pro) have also been identified on this fragment. Many of these ORFs present similarities with ORFs located on chromosome XI, indicating some information reshuffling between the two chromosomal fragments. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL library data bank under Accession Number Z70678. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.