Reserve estimation of central part of Choghart north anomaly iron ore deposit through ordinary kriging method

This paper is devoted to application of ordinary kriging method in Choghart north anomaly iron ore deposit in Yazd province, Iran. In order to estimate the deposit, 2329 input data gained from 26 boreholes were used. Fe grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to 12.5 m composites so that statistical regularization could be reached. Studies indicated that iron grade input data had single-population characteristics. To carry out ordinary kriging, a spherical model was fitted over empirical variogram. Then the model was verified through cross validation method and proved to be valid with a coherence coefficient of 0.773 between the estimated and real data. Plotting the empirical variogram in different directions showed no geometric anisotropy for the deposit. To estimate the Iron grade, ordinary kriging method was used according to which, all of the exploitable blocks with dimensions 20 m × 20 m × 12.5 m were block estimated within the estimation space. Finally tonnage-grade curve has been drawn and reserve classified into measured, indicated and inferred.     

状态检修在核电站设备管理中的作用

针对发电设备早修、失修和过修的问题，详细介绍状态检修技术对核电机组的重要意义、状态检修在大亚湾核电站的具体应用及实施状态检修的必要条件和手段，通过大亚湾核电站状态检修的应用实例说明实施状态检修将会给发电企业带来经济效益。     

A discounted integrated inspection-maintenance model for a single deteriorating production facility

In this paper, we address the problem of determining optimum inspection schedules for a single deteriorating production system with a predetermined replacement cycle. It is assumed that, at different discrete points in time over the fixed planning horizon, the facility is inspected to detect its operating state and then it goes over an imperfect preventive maintenance routine to enhance its operating performance. Moreover, the facility undergoes minimal repair once detected in an “out‐of‐control” state. We also adopt the concept of discounted cash flow analysis to account properly for the effect of time value of money on the inspection policies. Under these settings, we formulate the discounted integrated inspection‐maintenance problem as a dynamic programming model with general time to failure distribution. After illustrating the model with a numerical example, we perform sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of some input parameters on the expected present worth and the number of inspections.     

A Multilayer Perceptrons Model for the Stability of a Bipedal Robot

A neural network model is proposed as a means of controlling the dynamical equilibrium of a walking bipedal robot. As a criterion to determine the stability of such a robot in relation with the organization of the sensorimotor system, we have been making use of the ZMP (Zero Momentum Point). Simulations are used to check the convergence of the algorithm. In the generalization phase, it is shown that the neural network has the ability to stabilise the robot for motions which have not previously been learned. An extended model is proposed, which seeks to closely inspect the physiology of the cerebellar cortex.     

Granulometric analyses of basin‐wise DEMs: a comparative study

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are very useful for terrain characterization. We apply a morphological approach to characterize 14 sub‐basins decomposed from interferometrically generated DEMs of Cameron Highlands and Petaling regions of Peninsular Malaysia. Physiographically, these two regions possess a distinct geomorphologic set‐up as they belong to region with higher and lower altitudes, respectively. Fourteen sub‐basins are extracted from the DEMs, and pattern spectra by opening and closing of these sub‐basins relative to flat discrete binary patterns (square, octagon and rhombus) are computed. Pattern spectra are used to compute probability size distribution functions of both protrusions and intrusions that are conspicuous in topography, based on which shape‐size complexity measures of these sub‐basins are estimated by means of average roughness and size. Furthermore, fractal dimensions of channel networks derived from these 14 basins are computed by applying the box‐counting method. Comparisons between shape‐size complexity measures and fractal dimension are carried out.     

Estimation of number-area-frequency dimensions of surface water bodies

This paper proposes a technique that includes a set of mathematical morphological transformations to estimate the frequency dimension. The dimension computed through a power law relationship is tallied with the dimension computed through a correlational plot. This technique is demonstrated on a two-dimensional section embodying a large number of surface water bodies, extracted from remotely sensed data, situated randomly, and the frequency dimension (D) for surface water bodies yields straight-line dependence of lnC(r) (correlational integral) on ln(r) (radius of structuring template). The correlational integral is computed for two aspects by considering the number of water bodies and their corresponding occupied areas. The number-frequency dimension and the area frequency dimension computed through correlational plots yield straight-line dependencies with slopes that are greater than unity but less than 2.0 (1.3 and 1.7, respectively).     

National Food Control Systems: A Review

This article reviews literature on national food control systems (NFCS). The major objectives of NFCS, their main components, and current issues relating to NFCS are discussed. Common problem areas and the actions taken by countries to improve their system are analysed. The review shows that elements of NFCS suffer from certain limitations, such as obsolete food laws, duplication of work, lack of resources, and poor organisation, which make the system ineffective. NFCS have been established to various extents in both developed and developing countries; however, most countries have not used management techniques in developing and implementing their food control programme. Since NFCS face a number of challenges, it is important for both developed and developing countries to strengthen their food control systems to meet these challenges.