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1.
Lectinocytochemistry provides a useful tool for localizing subcompartments of the complex reticular apparatus of Golgi. The technique is based on interactions of lectins with glycoconjugates present in the limiting membranes and luminal spaces of Golgi elements. Application of a series of lectins of different sugar specificities permits a differentiation between Golgi subcompartments containing glycoconjugates with different oligosaccharide side chains. These may be (a) different glycoconjugates or (b) glycoconjugates at different stages during synthesis or repair of their glycans. The lectinocytochemical studies with mannose-, glucose-, N-acetyl-glucosamine-, N-acetylgalactosamine-, galactose-, fucose-, and sialic acid-recognizing lectins revealed predominating patterns that labeled distinct, i.e., cis, medial, trans, and transmost, regions of the Golgi apparatus. A further refinement could be achieved by differential lectin-inhibition that enables a dissection of lectin binding reactions on the basis of their binding affinities. High-affinity binding reactions showed that subcompartments are not necessarily confined to one single Golgi subregion and may change their position from one to another subregion. Some of the patterns observed may be interpreted in relation to certain steps during synthesis and modifications of glycans. 相似文献
2.
A new analytical method has been developed for the determination of the reactive lysine content of soya bean protein. The method is based on the reaction of the free basic groups of the protein with 1-phenylazo-2 naphthol-6,8 disulphonic acid. With regard to the stoichiometry of the procedure, it has been proved, contrary to earlier reports, that the basic amino acids, histidine, arginine and lysine, each combine with one mole of the dye. After acylation with propionic anhydride lysine alone loses its dye reactivity. The usefulness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by the determination of the reactive lysine content of several untreated, heat-treated and acid-treated soya bean samples. The results show that heat damage of about 5% in reactive lysine content can be measured in 1·5 h with good reproducibility. 相似文献
3.
Reinhard Hainisch Margit Gfoehler M. Zubayer-Ul-Karim Marcus G. Pandy 《Multibody System Dynamics》2012,28(1-2):143-156
Accurate knowledge of muscle-tendon parameters in biomechanical models is critical for accurate simulation and analyses of human movement. An excellent example of this is the creation of subject-specific models from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When Hill-type muscle models are used to calculate muscle forces, the determination of muscle attachment points, optimal fiber length, tendon slack length and maximum isometric force all have a significant influence on the joint moment-angle behavior of the model. In the present study a method was developed for customizing the values of muscle-tendon parameters in a generic model to create subject-specific biomechanical models from MRI. The method was applied by generating musculoskeletal models for the biomechanical simulation platform OpenSim, but the workflow is equally well applicable to other simulation platforms. New computational algorithms are described for identifying joint centers and for reconstructing the centroids of the muscle bellies from MRI. A?process is also described for the extraction of the muscle paths and for identifying the positions of ??via-points?? used to model muscles wrapping over bones. Finally, a new algorithm is described for adjusting the values of optimal fiber length, tendon slack length and maximum isometric force based on a comparison of the model results with experiment. We tested our computational algorithms by developing subject-specific biomechanical models of five typically developed children (age 9.5±1.7?years) from MRI. The joint moment-angle relationships calculated for the subject-specific models were similar to those determined for corresponding scaled generic models. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is suitable for developing subject-specific models of healthy children. Future studies should investigate how abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system, such as tibial torsion and muscle spasticity, can be integrated into the modeling process. 相似文献
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5.
Grammer Karl; Fink Bernhard; M?ller Anders P.; Manning John T. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,131(5):658
Evolutionary behavioral biology suggests that certain characteristics of the human face and body are important for mate preferences and are therefore subject to sexual selection. J. Weeden and J. Sabini (see record 2005-11504-001) identify a number of weaknesses in the association between traits' attractiveness and health. In contrast, the authors argue that (a) studies on preferences for physical characteristics that rely on 1 trait permit only limited interpretation, (b) limitations placed on J. Weeden and J. Sabini's review exclude important associations, (c) there are misconceptions in their treatment of some traits, and (d) their selected literature provides an inaccurate picture regarding effect size. The authors suggest that future research in this field should seek conceptual and methodological constancy in trait selection and in the evaluation of attractiveness- and health-related traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Housing preweaned dairy calves in pairs rather than individually has been found to positively affect behavioral responses in novel social and environmental situations, but concerns have been raised that close contact among very young animals may impair their health. In previous studies, the level of social contact permitted in individual housing has been auditory, visual, or physical contact. It is unclear how these various levels of social contact compare with each other and to pair housing, when their effects on behavior and health are considered, and whether the timing of pair housing has an effect. To investigate this, 110 Holstein calves (50 males, 60 females) in 11 blocks were paired according to birth date. Within 60 h of birth, each pair of calves was allocated to 1 of 5 treatments: individual housing with auditory contact (I), individual housing with auditory and visual contact (V), individual housing with auditory, visual, and tactile contact (T), pair housing (P), or individual housing with auditory and visual contact the first 2 wk followed by pair housing (VP). At 6 wk of age, calves were subjected to a social test and a novel environment test. In the social test, all pair-housed calves (P and VP) had a shorter latency to sniff an unfamiliar calf than did individually housed calves (I, V, and T), whereas calves with physical contact (T, P, and VP) sniffed the unfamiliar calf for longer than calves on the remaining treatments (I and V). In the novel environment test, calves with physical contact (T, P, and VP) had a lower heart rate, and more of these calves vocalized during the test compared with calves without physical contact (I and V). No effect of treatment was found for clinical scores, levels of the 5 most common pathogens in feces, or in development of serum antibodies against the 3 most common respiratory pathogens. Calves housed individually are more fearful of unfamiliar calves than are pair-housed calves. Contrary to common belief, the allowance of physical contact and pair housing had no effects on the health of the calves. 相似文献
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9.
The short and medium range structure of glassy MoO3–ZnO–B2O3 has been studied by neutron diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulation. The partial atomic pair correlation functions and coordination numbers are presented that are not yet reported for this system. We have established that the first neighbor distances do not depend on concentration within limit of error, the actual values are rB‐O = 1.38 Å, rMo‐O = 1.72 Å, and rZn‐O = 1.97 Å. It is found that ZnO takes part in the glassy structure as network former, as ZnO4 tetrahedral are linked both to MoO4 and to BO3 and BO4 groups. It is revealed that BO4/BO3 increases with increasing B2O3 content. We have found that only small amount of boroxol ring is present, BO3 and BO4 groups are organized into superstructure units, and a small part is in isolated BO3 triangles. The BO3 and BO4 units are linked to MoO4 or ZnO4 forming mixed [4]Mo‐O‐[3]B, [4]Mo‐O‐[4]B, [4]Mo‐O‐[4]Zn, [3]B‐O‐[4]Zn, [4]B‐O‐[4]Zn bond linkages. 相似文献
10.
Robert G. Jensen F. A. Dejong R. M. Clark Lisa G. Palmgren Teresa H. Liao Margit Hamosh 《Lipids》1982,17(8):570-572
The lingual lipase in gastric aspirates from premature infants was found to be partially stereospecific forsn-3 esters of synthetic enantiometric triacylglycerols containing 18∶1 and 16∶0. Thesn-3 ester was hydrolyzed about 4 times faster than the acid at thesn-1 position with no difference in rates between 18∶1 and 16∶0. Thesn-2 was also hydrolyzed to some extent.
Scientific contribution no. 949, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Ct 06268. 相似文献