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1.
Can Ercan S. Esra Safran Artuğ Türkmenoğlu Uğur Karabakal 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2021,24(1):139-147
Garzan oil field is located at the south east of Turkey. It is a mature oil field and the reservoir is fractured carbonate reservoir. After producing about 1% original oil in place (OOIP) reservoir pressure started to decline. Waterflooding was started in order to support reservoir pressure and also to enhance oil production in 1960. Waterflooding improved the oil recovery but after years of flooding water breakthrough at the production wells was observed. This increased the water/oil ratio at the production wells. In order to enhance oil recovery again different techniques were investigated. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are gaining attention all over the world for oil recovery. Surfactant injection is an effective way for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability reversal. In this study, 31 different types of chemicals were studied to specify the effects on oil production. This paper presents solubility of surfactants in brine, IFT and contact angle measurements, imbibition tests, and lastly core flooding experiments. Most of the chemicals were incompatible with Garzan formation water, which has high divalent ion concentration. In this case, the usage of 2-propanol as co-surfactant yielded successful results for stability of the selected chemical solutions. The results of the wettability test indicated that both tested cationic and anionic surfactants altered the wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. The maximum oil recovery by imbibition test was reached when core was exposed 1-ethly ionic liquid after imbibition in formation water. Also, after core flooding test, it is concluded that considerable amount of oil can be recovered from Garzan reservoir by waterflooding alone if adverse effects of natural fractures could be eliminated. 相似文献
2.
Wireless Personal Communications - Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies, which is widely used across the globe. As the idea of a smart city was founded, IoT has been... 相似文献
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Wireless Personal Communications - Internet of Things (IoT) offers complex networks of connected devices, which are used to serve in the real-time environment. Interestingly, Wireless Sensor... 相似文献
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Dhirendra Kumar Mishra Gopal Pugazhenthi Tamal Banerjee 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(29):15773-15779
The current work explores the usage of novel synthesized Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a catalyst cum solvent media for the thermal dehydrogenation of chemical hydrides, namely Ammonia Borane (AB) and Ethylene diamine bisborane (EDAB). In the first instance, the quantum chemistry based COSMO-SAC (COnductor like Screening MOdel Segment Activity Coefficient) model was used for the selection of the pertinent solvent. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate: Imidazole ([BMIM][MeSO3]:[Im]) turned out to be an ideal eutectic mixture with the highest predicted solubility with amine boranes. The DES was synthesized by combining the Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA), namely 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate and Imidazole as Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) at a molar ratio of 1:2 and T = 70 °C. The formation of DES was confirmed by recording the NMR spectra. Further, the thermal dehydrogenation study was performed at a vacuum of 4 × 10?2 mbar (gauge pressure) of AB/DES and EDAB/DES systems at 105 °C, where a hydrogen equivalent of 1.40 and 2.55 was produced, respectively. The residual samples were further analyzed through 1H NMR analysis for the reaction mechanism and to confirm the role of Ionic Liquid-based DES as catalyst cum solvent media. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTA mathematical model has been developed by coupling genetic algorithm (GA) with heat and material balance equations to estimate rate parameters and solid-phase evolution related to the reduction of iron ore-coal composite pellets in a multi-layer bed Rotary hearth Furnace (RHF). The present process involves treating iron ore-coal composite pellets in a crucible over the hearth in RHF. The various solid phases evolved at the end of the process are estimated experimentally, and are used in conjunction with the model to estimate rate parameters. The predicted apparent activation energy for the wustite reduction step is found to be lower than those of the reduction of higher oxides. The thermal efficiency is found to decrease significantly with an increase in the carbon content of the pellet. Thermal efficiency was also found to increase mildly up to three layers. Multilayer bed remains as a potential design parameter to increase thermal efficiency. 相似文献
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Wireless Personal Communications - In this paper the conventional circular patch has been reshaped by two circular arcs with the FR4 Epoxy material for substrate. This is supported by the... 相似文献
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Bican Osman Bayça Salih Uğur Kuleyin Hamdi Gümrük Recep 《Metal Science and Heat Treatment》2021,63(3-4):156-162
Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The effect of solid boronizing at 950°C for 2 and 4 h on the phase composition, microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear of steel AISI 304L is studied... 相似文献
10.
Correlation between instrumental texture and colour quality attributes with sensory analysis of selected cheeses as affected by fat contents 下载免费PDF全文
A. Półtorak J. Wyrwisz M. Moczkowska M. Marcinkowska‐Lesiak A. Stelmasiak U. Ulanicka M. Zalewska A. Wierzbicka Da‐Wen Sun 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(4):999-1008
This study evaluated several physical and sensory parameters of different types of cheese available in the Polish market. The measurements of textural properties were conducted in an Instron universal testing machine, while the colour properties of cheeses were measured using a Minolta chromameter. The chemical composition was determined by means of the near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRs). Moreover, a trained sensory panel was invited to assess the cheese texture‐related properties. Generally, cheeses with reduced fat content were characterised by higher hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and elasticity. Texture‐related parameters of cheese with canola oil were comparable to that of most of full‐fat cheeses. The correlation analysis between physical and sensory attributes related to cheese textural properties indicated the potential applications of TPA, shear and penetration tests (r = 0.766, r = 0.75 and r = 0.765, respectively) for the evaluation of sensory properties related to the hardness. Meanwhile, the elasticity of cheese obtained from sensory evaluation was strongly correlated with the elasticity determined from the shear test (r = 0.722) and moderately correlated with the elasticity from penetration test (r = 0.588), indicating a need to refine the method of penetration test. In addition, cheeses exhibited higher meltability during convection heating at 230 °C than microwave heating. The values of meltability for cheese with reduced fat content were lower than those of full‐fat cheese. 相似文献