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1.
The esterification of the hydroxyl group of starch with DuPont Surlyn was considered as pretreatment method of starch before blending with polyolefins. In treating starch with Surlyn, two different raction conditions were taken to optimize reaction conditions. First, the esterification reaction was carried out in 110°C xylene with oleic acid as a catalyst. Second, the reaction out in a 90°C mixture of deionized water and xylene with ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN) as an initiator. Starch granules would be swollen above the gelatinization temperature in water. In both cases starch was midified by Surlyn to have good compatibility with low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The mechanical and theological properties were examined for blends of the treated starch and LDPE. This system may be one of the biodegradable polymer blends that sufficiently retain properties as a packaging film. 相似文献
2.
Dilute, ‘dense phase 1’, and possibly a third regime-‘dense phase 2’, were observed in a vertical 0.02 m diameter pneumatic conveyor using 210 μm sand particles. The transitions were marked by the alterations in the trend of the measured average solids hold-up while varying the solids mass flowrate at constant air velocity. Hydrodynamic characteristics together with the transition criteria for the various transport modes were established. A novel regime diagram based on average gas velocities and solids mass flowrates was developed to identify the operating conditions for these regimes, as well as the limiting solids carrying capacities of the present conveyor. A probable cause of the dilute to dense phase transition is speculated upon. 相似文献
3.
The fouling of ultrafiltration membrane is often caused by gel formation on the membrane surface. This gel layer arises due to concentration polarization or macromolecular adsorption on the membrane surface. The gel layer affects both the hydraulic permeability and the rejection properties of the membrane. In this report, the adsorption of porcine albumin and the concentration polarization effect on modified and unmodified polyethersulfone (PES) hollow-fiber membrane is studied. PES ultrafiltration hollow-fiber membranes were modified by the grafting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer on the internal surface using γ-ray irradiation method. The modified hollow fibers were less susceptible to fouling than were the unmodified fiber. The performance of both modified and unmodified hollow fibers was tested as a function of feed flow rates and protein concentrations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
4.
The pulsed arc discharge to the surface of wastewater was applied to the degradation of a textile azo dye (Acid Red 27). A
high-voltage electrode (discharging electrode) was vertically placed above the surface of the wastewater while the wastewater
itself was grounded. The pulsed arc discharge occurred between the tip of the discharging electrode and the surface of the
wastewater, producing various oxidative species. Oxygen was used as the working gas instead of air to prevent nitrogen oxides
from forming. The effect of several parameters on the chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was examined.
The results obtained showed that the chromaticity of the wastewater was completely removed by this process and the COD also
decreased significantly. It has been found that ozone formed in the gas phase mainly affects the removal of the dye. The contribution
of other effects such as ultraviolet light emission and OH radical formation during the arc discharge to the degradation of
the dye was found to be less than 15%. For the present reactor system, the optimum pH, pulse repetition rate and agitation
speed were found to be 3.0, 110 Hz and 300 rpm, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Sung Mok Kim Byung-Ju Yi Wheekuk Kim 《International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems》2013,11(1):116-126
In most of the previous studies on parallel mechanisms (PMs), architectural design mainly relying on symmetric geometry was investigated without in-depth analysis of its performance. This work demonstrates that such a symmetric geometry of multiple subchains sometimes induces a forward kinematic singularity which degrades the overall kinematic performance of PMs within the desired workspace and claims that an asymmetric attachment of those subchains on a moving platform can effectively resolve such a singularity problem. A 4-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) PM exhibiting Schönflies motions is examined as an example device. First, its mobility analysis and kinematic modeling via screw theory are conducted. Then a singularity analysis based on Grassmann line geometric conditions is carried out, and the forward kinematic singularities of the mechanism are identified and verified by simulations. Based on these analysis and simulations, a forward kinematic singularity-free design is suggested. To show the high potential of the device in practical applications, its output stiffness and dynamic motion capability are examined. Then a prototype is built and its motions capability is verified through experiments. 相似文献
6.
Devinder Thapa Chang Mok Park Sang C. Park Gi-Nam Wang 《International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems》2009,7(2):165-174
The objective of this paper is to reduce the development time of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) by automating the task
of code generation. For this purpose, we applied t-MPSG (Timed-Message Based Part State Graph). The t-MPSG is an extended finite state automata used to model and generate an execution module for a real-time shop floor controller
system. In our proposed method, t-MPSG is used to model the formal specification of the controller system that can be translated into textual structure. After
the verification of the t-MPSG model, it can be used as an input to the plc-builder tool. The plc-builder tool is an extended version of a conventional MPSG simulator. It can be used to translate the textual structure of
the t-MPSG into an IEC standard PLC code. Finally, the generated code can be downloaded to a PLC emulator or a PLC device for the
purpose of simulation and execution. The similarity in the hierarchical structure of the t-MPSG and the IEC standard PLC program has made it convenient to transform from one form to another. Furthermore, an illustration
of the methodology to auto-generate IEC standard PLC code using t-MPSG is explained with a suitable example.
Recommended by Editorial Board member Young Soo Suh under the direction of Editor Jae Weon Choi. This work was partially supported
by Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development under the contract (UD080042AD).
Devinder Thapa is a Postdoc Research Fellow in the Department of Industrial & information systems at Ajou University, Korea. He completed
his Ph.D. from Ajou University in Industrial and Information Systems Engineering. His area of research is related to manufacturing
automation and intelligent decision support systems.
Chang Mok Park is a Professor in the Department of Technology & Systems Management at Induk Institute of Technology. He completed his Ph.D.
in 2002 from Ajou University in Industrial Engineering. His research interest is related to manufacturing optimization, discrete
event system simulation and signal analysis.
Sang C. Park is an Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial & Information Systems Engineering at Ajou University. He received
his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from KAIST in 1994, 1996, and 2000, respectively, all in Industrial Engineering. His research
interests include geometric algorithms in CAD/CAM, process planning, engineering knowledge management, and discrete event
system simulation.
Gi-Nam Wang is the Head and a Professor in the Department of Industrial & Information Systems Engineering at Ajou University, Korea.
He completed his Ph.D. in 1992 from Texas A&M University, in Industrial Engineering. He has worked as Visiting Professor at
University of Texas at Austin during 2000–2001. His area of research is related to Intelligent Information & manufacturing
systems, system integration & automation, e-Business solutions and image processing. 相似文献
7.
Given a hypergraph and a set of embedded functional dependencies, we investigate the problem of determining the conditions under which we can efficiently generate redundancy-free XML storage structures with as few scheme trees as possible. Redundancy-free XML structures guarantee both economy in storage space and the absence of update anomalies, and having the least number of scheme trees requires the fewest number of joins to navigate among the data elements. We know that the general problem is intractable. The problem may still be intractable even when the hypergraph is acyclic and each hyperedge is in Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF). As we show here, however, given an acyclic hypergraph with each hyperedge in BCNF, a polynomial-time algorithm exists that generates a largest possible redundancy-free XML storage structure. Successively generating largest possible scheme trees from among hyperedges not already included in generated scheme trees constitutes a reasonable heuristic for finding the fewest possible scheme trees. For many practical cases, this heuristic finds the set of redundancy-free XML storage structures with the fewest number of scheme trees. In addition to a correctness proof and a complexity analysis showing that the algorithm is polynomial, we also give experimental results over randomly generated but appropriately constrained hypergraphs showing empirically that the algorithm is indeed polynomial. 相似文献
8.
High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor Based on Nb2O5@Carbon Core–Shell Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites 下载免费PDF全文
Eunho Lim Changshin Jo Min Su Kim Mok‐Hwa Kim Jinyoung Chun Haegyeom Kim Jongnam Park Kwang Chul Roh Kisuk Kang Songhun Yoon Jinwoo Lee 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(21):3711-3719
Sodium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (Na‐HSCs) have potential for mid‐ to large‐scale energy storage applications because of their high energy/power densities, long cycle life, and the low cost of sodium. However, one of the obstacles to developing Na‐HSCs is the imbalance of kinetics from different charge storage mechanisms between the sluggish faradaic anode and the rapid non‐faradaic capacitive cathode. Thus, to develop high‐power Na‐HSC anode materials, this paper presents the facile synthesis of nanocomposites comprising Nb2O5@Carbon core–shell nanoparticles (Nb2O5@C NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and an analysis of their electrochemical performance with respect to various weight ratios of Nb2O5@C NPs to rGO (e.g., Nb2O5@C, Nb2O5@C/rGO‐70, ‐50, and ‐30). In a Na half‐cell configuration, the Nb2O5@C/rGO‐50 shows highly reversible capacity of ≈285 mA h g?1 at 0.025 A g?1 in the potential range of 0.01–3.0 V (vs Na/Na+). In addition, the Na‐HSC using the Nb2O5@C/rGO‐50 anode and activated carbon (MSP‐20) cathode delivers high energy/power densities (≈76 W h kg?1 and ≈20 800 W kg?1) with a stable cycle life in the potential range of 1.0–4.3 V. The energy and power densities of the Na‐HSC developed in this study are higher than those of similar Li‐ and Na‐HSCs previously reported. 相似文献
9.
Y. L. Yip C. C. Leung S. W. Mok K. H. Yip Hin Wing Kui 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2014,45(3):1457-1469
When undercooled deeply into its undercooling regime, a molten Fe79.5B6.5C14 ingot undergoes spinodal decomposition, splitting into two interpenetrating subnetworks which are denoted by α-(liquid subnetwork) and β-(liquid subnetwork). Transmission electron microscopy results suggest that there are three constraints on crystal growth when the undercooled, decomposed molten ingot solidifies, which are (i) the solidification is due to the advancement of a bulk solid/liquid interface. It consists of a number of α-solid/liquid interfaces moving in the α-(liquid subnetwork) and a number of β-solid/liquid interfaces moving in the β-(liquid subnetwork); (ii) to overcome two long-range composition gradients of C and B atoms; and (iii) the two long-range composition gradients stabilize the bulk solid/liquid interface. The morphology of a solidified or network Fe79.5B6.5C14 ingot is explained in terms of the obtained microscopic results. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT: A vacuum-sealed miniature X-ray tube based on a carbon nanotube field-emission electron source has been demonstrated. The diameter of the X-ray tube is 10 mm; the total length of the tube is 50 mm, and no external vacuum pump is required for the operation. The maximum tube voltage reaches up to 70 kV, and the X-ray tube generates intense X-rays with the air kerma strength of 108 Gy * cm2 min1. In addition, X-rays produced from the miniature X-ray tube have a comparatively uniform spatial dose distribution. 相似文献