Design of Polarization-independent Wavelength-interleave Coupler in Fluorinated Polyimide Waveguide

Based on the measurement of dispersion characteristic and birefractive index of the fluorinated polyimide film,a statistical optimum design method is proposed and used to realize the design of 32-and 36-wavelengths optical waveguide wavelength-interleave coupler (i,e.,interleaver) with the optimization of polarization fluctuation and wavelength interval of 0.8nm at 1550nm. The largest cross coupling ratios of the two interleavers are respectively less than 1.8% and 3.5%, while the least through coupling ratios are respectively greater than 98. 2% and 96. 5%. The output differences due to polarization fluctuation are less than 1.7% and 3.2%     

三位一体综合管理

本文通过企业推行一体化管理体系的实践，介绍了其避免重复工作，统筹推行体系运行的优越性。     

ISO International Standards—a“toolbox”of Olympic proportions for major sporting,cultural and social events

How are the winners determined in most of the events that make up the Olympic Games? Theyare,of course,the athletes who run or swim faster,jump higher,lift heavier,throw further.But how is their prowess measured? By the SI (Système inter-national) International System of Units,which is     

聚乙烯管的压力测试方法

(ASTMD2 83 7,ISOTR 90 80 )1　概要以测量压力管使用寿命为目的的压力测试系统可以在内部压力下测量出压力管的长期性能。测试方法有两种:一种为ASTMD2 837(StandardTestMethodforObtainingHydrostaticDesignBasisforThermoplasticPipeMaterials) ,另外一种为ISOTR90 80 (Ther     

Thermal Transitions of Myosins/Subfragments from Black Marlin (Makaira mazara) Ordinary and Dark Muscles

Thermal transitions were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a spectrophotometric method. Three endothermic peaks (40, 43, 50°C: ordinary muscle; 46, 54, 62°C: dark muscle) were observed in DSC thermograms of both myosins. Thermograms of S-l fragments showed one peak (41°C: ordinary muscle, 43°C: dark muscle). But ordinary and dark muscle rod fragments gave two peaks (41, 62°C) and one peak (58°C), respectively. The spectrophotometric results also showed two thermal transitions for both myosins and one transition for their S-1 fragments. However, the rod from ordinary muscle myosin had two transitions, whereas that from dark muscle myosin had one transition.     

ISO14001与ISO9001的对比分析及一体化探讨

本文通过比较ＩＳＯ１４００１与ＩＳＯ９００１两项标准，分析其共同点及差异，并就环境管理体系和质量体系的一体化进行了探讨。     

BIOGAS RECOVERY FROM A THERMALLY TREATED SEWAGE SLUDGE BY A FIXED-BED ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR

Biogas recovery from the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge which is discharged from municipal wastewater treatments generally requires a large scale digester owing to the slow biodegradability of the sludge compounds. To achieve an effective methanogenesis from the sludge as the raw materials, thermal pretreatmenls of the sludge were conducted to improve the sedimentation efficiency of the treated sludge and the filtrate obtained was anaerobically digested in fixed-bed bioreactors with baked clay, melted slug and rhyolitic lava.

Methane formation from the intact activated sludge (10g/l) was 11 methane/I after 25-day fermentation without heat treatment (control), whereas in the case of treating for 1 h at 121°C, 2.1 I methane/I was produced from the whole treated sludge (10g/l) and 2.91 methane/1 was produced at pH 4 at the same heat treatment. However, no more methane was produced when the sludge was treated with 0.1 N NaOH or H₂SO₄ at 121°C for 1 h although lower fatty acids were accumulated.

The filtrates from heat treated sludge either at 121°C for 1 h at pH 4 or at 121°C for 1 h contained 2200 and 4400 mg COD/I, respectively. The filtrates obtained were anaerobically digested in fixed bed reactors. For the former, at COD loading 32.4g/l/day, the methane production rate was 2.91/l/day with 52.6% of COD reduction at 1.5 h of hydraulic retention time, whereas, for the latter, methane production rate was 2.11/1/day with 26.2% of COD reduction at 2.4 h retention time (COD loading 47.8).

It would be concluded that the heat treatments of discharged sludge from aeration tank might be a promising means for the treatment of activated sludge since the heat treatment could decrease the specific resistance of filtration of sludge and the filtrate discharged could be easily converted to methane as a fuel energy.     

波导微环共振滤波器的滤波特性分析

根据波导耦合模理论详细研究了微环共振滤波器的滤波特性,分析了单环、串联双环、串联三环结构等波导微环共振滤波器的滤波特点。通过模拟计算发现,滤波带宽平坦化程度和信道串扰大小主要依赖于由波导构成的各方向耦合器之间的功率耦合比k,同时微环波导的损耗是器件滤波特性劣化的重要原因。在一定优化参数条件下,多环结构的滤波效果优于传统单环结构,并且各方向耦合器功率耦合比k值的优化取值范围扩大,降低了器件工艺实现难度。     

基于中心积分法的11维集成光波导芯片封装系统

研制了基于中心积分法的集成光波导芯片封装系统,该系统在空间11维上实现了光波导器件的位置调节,通过高精度对准和改进后的中心积分法快速准确地实现芯片对准。在单芯光纤-条波导-单芯光纤系统的封装测试实验中,端面耦合损耗的平均值为0.113 6 dB,单次耦合损耗的最大值＜0.13 dB,标准偏差＜0.02 dB,单次耦合时间＜2 min。在单芯光纤列阵-1×8波导分支耦合器-8芯光纤列阵的封装生产中,各通道插入损耗均＜10.5 dB,均匀性指标＜0.4 dB,单次耦合时间＜5 min。数据证明,该系统已完全达到商业化标准,具有良好效果和实用性。     

谈国际贸易的绿色标准

２０世纪末，人类进入了环保时代，全球保护环境的呼声日益强烈，掀起了不断高涨的绿色浪潮。应运而生的ＩＳＯ１４０００系列标准，是协调保护环境、关系实施可持续发展的国际性标准，也是减少现代工业对社会造成的负面影响，维护全球生态平衡的必要规范和保证。它的产生...