An unusual coursing of the facial vein

During the dissections of 50 adult cadavers for educational purposes, we found a 45-year-old male cadaver with an abnormally coursing facial vein which has joined the retromandibular vein at a higher level--in the parotid gland--on the right side of the face. This anomaly has also been detected radiologically.     

Characterization and elemental analysis of wood pellets obtained from low-valued types of wood

In this study, we compared the quality of wood pellets obtained from several different raw materials, i.e., Rhododendron ponticum (Type 1), Laurus nobilis (Type 2), and Castanea sativa (Type 3). The quality of the wood pellets was characterized mainly by their bulk density, moisture content, ash content, volatiles, sulfur content in the ash, total sulfur content, heating values, elemental analysis of the ash, and chlorine content. The results showed that bulk density was similar for each type of pellet. In quality values, ash content and the sulfur content in the ash were found to be lower for Type 3 (Chestnut wood pellets) than they were for the other two types. The results also showed that dry samples of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 wood pellets had heating values of 5057, 4691, and 4571 kcal/kg, respectively, whereas the original (undried) samples had heating values of 4571, 4409, and 4293 kcal/kg, respectively.     

Physical and chemical properties of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L) tubers grown in the Çukurova region of Turkey

Four lines of chufa (Cyperus esculentus) grown in 1998 and 1999 in the Çukurova region of Turkey were analysed for their physical properties, proximate chemical composition and fatty acid contents. The chufa lines contained on average (g kg^?1) 932.8 dry matter, 245.0 crude lipid, 256.8 starch, 14.3 ash, 50.5 protein, 89.1 crude fibre, 17.1 reducing sugar, 154.3 total sugar and 130.4 sucrose. Hunter L, a⁺ and b⁺ colour values of ground chufa samples were in the ranges 55.93–60.59, 3.71–5.09 and 15.60–16.85 respectively. Individual chufa tubers weighed between 0.224 and 0.283 g. The fatty acid composition of chufa oil included (g kg^?1) 689.2–732.9 oleic acid, 125.5–141.2 palmitic acid and 99.6–154.6 linoleic acid, which is comparable with that of olive oil. After storage for 1 year the differences in mean values were significant (p < 0.05). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Intrinsic plagiarism analysis

Research in automatic text plagiarism detection focuses on algorithms that compare suspicious documents against a collection of reference documents. Recent approaches perform well in identifying copied or modified foreign sections, but they assume a closed world where a reference collection is given. This article investigates the question whether plagiarism can be detected by a computer program if no reference can be provided, e.g., if the foreign sections stem from a book that is not available in digital form. We call this problem class intrinsic plagiarism analysis; it is closely related to the problem of authorship verification. Our contributions are threefold. (1) We organize the algorithmic building blocks for intrinsic plagiarism analysis and authorship verification and survey the state of the art. (2) We show how the meta learning approach of Koppel and Schler, termed “unmasking”, can be employed to post-process unreliable stylometric analysis results. (3) We operationalize and evaluate an analysis chain that combines document chunking, style model computation, one-class classification, and meta learning.     

Detection of COVID-19 and its pulmonary stage using Bayesian hyperparameter optimization and deep feature selection methods

Since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019, many studies have been carried out on artificial intelligence for the rapid diagnosis of the disease to support health services. Therefore, in this study, we present a powerful approach to detect COVID-19 and COVID-19 findings from computed tomography images using pre-trained models using two different datasets. COVID-19, influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and healthy lung image classes were used in the first dataset. Consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, ground-glass opacity, ground-glass opacity and consolidation, ground-glass opacity and nodule classes were used in the second dataset. The study consists of four steps. In the first two steps, distinctive features were extracted from the final layers of the pre-trained ShuffleNet, GoogLeNet and MobileNetV2 models trained with the datasets. In the next steps, the most relevant features were selected from the models using the Sine–Cosine optimization algorithm. Then, the hyperparameters of the Support Vector Machines were optimized with the Bayesian optimization algorithm and used to reclassify the feature subset that achieved the highest accuracy in the third step. The overall accuracy obtained for the first and second datasets is 99.46% and 99.82%, respectively. Finally, the performance of the results visualized with Occlusion Sensitivity Maps was compared with Gradient-weighted class activation mapping. The approach proposed in this paper outperformed other methods in detecting COVID-19 from multiclass viral pneumonia. Moreover, detecting the stages of COVID-19 in the lungs was an innovative and successful approach.     

In-situ X-Ray observations and thermal modeling of unidirectional and bidirectional freeze casting

Freeze casting is a cost effective, efficient, and versatile technique capable of producing 3D structures with controlled pore shapes, orientation of crystals, and components' geometries in many porous materials. Freeze casting of hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been widely applied to bone tissue engineering due to HAP's biodegradable, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties. It provides interconnected porous structures with a relatively high mechanical strength. However, there are still many unexplained phenomena and features because of the complexity of the process. This study demonstrates the use of X-ray synchrotron micro-radiography for providing time-resolved, in-situ imaging of ice crystal growth in the HAP suspensions. The experimental results show the ice crystal growth behavior under unidirectional and bidirectional freeze casting conditions. The finite element modeling (FEM) of the freeze casting process has been used to predict the development of ice front position and temperature gradient in the suspensions during the freeze casting.