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排序方式: 共有283条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Antonio Sanchez‐Solis Andres Garcia‐Rejon Mirna Estrada Antonio Martinez‐Richa Guadalupe Sanchez Octavio Manero 《Polymer International》2005,54(12):1669-1672
The production and properties of blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene naphthalene 2,6‐dicarboxylate) (PEN) with three modified clays are reported. Octadecylammonium chloride and maleic anhydride (MAH) are used to modify the surface of the montmorillonite–Na+ clay particles (clay–Na+) to produce clay–C18 and clay–MAH, respectively, before they are mixed with the PET/PEN system. The transesterification degree, hydrophobicity and the effect of the clays on the mechanical, rheological and thermal properties are analysed. The PET–PEN/clay–C18 system does not show any improvements in the mechanical properties, which is attributed to poor exfoliation. On the other hand, in the PET–PEN/clay–MAH blends, the modified clay restricts crystallization of the matrix, as evidenced in the low value of the crystallization enthalpy. The process‐induced PET–PEN transesterification reaction is affected by the clay particles. Clay–C18 induces the largest proportion of naphthalate–ethylene–terephthalate (NET) blocks, as opposed to clay–Na+ which renders the lowest proportion. The clay readily incorporates in the bulk polymer, but receding contact‐angle measurements reveal a small influence of the particles on the surface properties of the sample. The clay–Na+ blend shows a predominant solid‐like behaviour, as evidenced by the magnitude of the storage modulus in the low‐frequency range, which reflects a high entanglement density and a substantial degree of polymer–particle interactions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
L. AlexandrovaA. Cabrera M.A. HernándezM.J. Cruz M.J.M. AbadieO. Manero D. Likhatchev 《Polymer》2002,43(20):5397-5403
Kinetics of transesterification reaction in poly(ethylene terephthalate)-poly(ethylene naphthalate 2,6-dicarboxylate), PET-PEN, blends resulting from melt processing was simulated using model compounds of ethylene dibenzoate (BEB) and ethylene dinaphthoate (NEN). The exchange reaction between BEB and NEN was followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy using signals from the aliphatic protons of ethylene glycol moieties at 4.66 and 4.78 ppm, respectively. The first-order kinetics was established under pseudo-first-order conditions for both reactants. Thus, the overall transesterification reaction was second order reversible. The reversibility was confirmed experimentally by heating a mixed sequence of 1-benzoate 2-naphthoate ethylene (BEN) under similar conditions. Both forward reaction of the equimolar amounts of the reagents and reverse reaction came to equilibrium at the same molar ratio of the reactants and reaction products of roughly 0.25:0.50:0.25 for BEB, BEN, and NEN, respectively. The rate equation for the transesterification reaction in the model system was modified using half-concentration of BEN, which is the only effective in the intermolecular exchange. Direct ester-ester exchange was deduced as a prevailing mechanism for the transesterification reaction under the conditions studied, and the values of equilibrium and rate constants, as well as other basic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were determined. The use of Zn(OAc)2 as a catalyst resulted in a significant decrease in the activation enthalpy of transesterification, which might be due to the partial switch of the reaction mechanism from primarily pseudo-homolytic to more heterolytic where ZnII acts as a Lewis base which binds to the ester carbonyl oxygen. 相似文献
3.
Roberto Nicolsky Miguel Octavio Sonio Frota-Pessôa 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1985,58(1-2):11-26
We present a simple model to simulate small three-dimensional superconducting constrictions of variable thickness (VTBs) for which the cross-sectional dimensions are of the same order as the length, and both are less than (T). We study the behavior of the modulus of the order parameterf and the supercurrent densityJ
s
as a function of the various dimensions. We find that the extent to whichf is depressed in the banks depends on the ratio of width to length of the constriction. We show that even for very abrupt geometries,J
s
is not zero andf does not reach its equilibrium value immediately outside the constriction. On the basis of our results, we propose a more general expression for the effective length valid also when all dimensions are of the same order. The calculated values ofdI
c
/dT are consistent with experimental data from well-characterized VTBs. We suggest that the discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values ofI
c
R
n
may be due to the nonuniformity of the normal current density in the constriction. 相似文献
4.
Angelo Lucia Peter A. DiMaggio Meghan L. Bellows Leah M. Octavio 《Computers & Chemical Engineering》2005,29(11-12):2363
Normal alkanes show very complicated phase transition kinetics and macroscopic phase equilibrium behavior. This paper focuses on the phase stability and equilibrium of complicated mixtures like n-alkanes and on the enabling global optimization technologies needed to gather problem knowledge. The new ideas contained in this paper include:
- (1) novel level set methods for gathering encoded knowledge;
- (2) the differential geometry for uncovering pathways to more subtle knowledge;
- (3) all supporting non-linearly constrained optimization techniques;
- (4) all data handling needed to unravel complex solution structure.
5.
Octavio Pozo Garcia Vesa-Matti Tikkala Alexey Zakharov Sirkka-Liisa Jämsä-Jounela 《Control Engineering Practice》2013,21(6):818-828
The performance of a modern industrial plant can be severely affected by the performance of its key devices, such as valves. In particular, valve stiction can cause poor performance in control loops and can consequently lower the efficiency of the plant and the quality of the product. This paper presents an integrated FDD system for valve stiction which employs various FDD methods in a parallel configuration. A reliability index was integrated into each method in order to estimate their degree of influence in the final diagnosis of the system. Each method and the integrated system were tested using industrial data. 相似文献
6.
Beatriz Gutiérrez‐Rivera Krzysztof Waliszewski‐Kubiak Octavio Carvajal‐Zarrabal Maria Guadalupe Aguilar‐Uscanga 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2012,87(2):263-270
BACKGROUND: Efficient conversion of glucose/xylose mixtures from lignocellulose is necessary for commercially viable ethanol production. Oxygen and carbon sources are of paramount importance for ethanol yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate different glucose/xylose mixtures for ethanol production using S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 (wild type yeast) and P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 and the effect of supplying oxygen in separate and co‐culture processes. RESULTS: The complete conversion of a glucose/xylose mixture (75/30 g L?1) was obtained using P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 under aerobic conditions (0.6 vvm), the highest yield production being Yp/s = 0.46 g g?1, volumetric ethanol productivity Qpmax = 0.24 g L?1 h?1 and maximum ethanol concentration Pmax = 34.5 g L?1. In the co‐culture process and under aerobic conditions, incomplete conversion of glucose/xylose mixture was observed (20.4% residual xylose), with a maximum ethanol production of 30.3 g L?1, ethanol yield of 0.4 g g?1 and Qpmax = 1.26 g L?1 h?1. CONCLUSIONS: The oxygen present in the glucose/xylose mixture promotes complete sugar consumption by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 resulting in ethanol production. However, in co‐culture with S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 under aerobic conditions, incomplete fermentation occurs that could be caused by oxygen limitation and ethanol inhibition by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124; nevertheless the volumetric ethanol productivity increases fivefold compared with separate culture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
7.
J. Paulo García‐Sandoval A. Martín del Campo F. Bautista O. Manero Jorge E. Puig 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2018,64(6):2277-2292
The rheological behavior of micellar solutions is analyzed under nonhomogeneous velocity and stress flow conditions. The framework is based on the extended irreversible thermodynamics and the transient network formulation coupled to the underlying kinetics embodying two relevant processes: formation of wormlike chains from a free micellar solution through a thermally activated process and their flow induced degradation. The second kinetic process consists in the formation of entanglements from the free wormlike chains and their flow‐induced breakage. These processes are modeled in a coupled kinetic scheme constituted by a set of reversible kinetic equations describing the evolution in average of the three microstates (free short rod‐like micelles, free wormlike chains, and entangled wormlike chains) that reflect the complexity of macromolecular interactions. The predictions of the shear stress and first normal stress difference as a function of shear‐rate under banded flow are in good agreement with experimental data. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2277–2292, 2018 相似文献
8.
Sodium phthalamates as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eugenio A. Flores Octavio Olivares Natalya V. Likhanova Marco A. Domínguez-Aguilar Noel Nava Diego Guzman-Lucero Mónica Corrales 《Corrosion Science》2011,53(12):3899-3913
Three compounds of N-alkyl-sodium phthalamates were synthesized and tested as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. Tests showed that inhibitor efficiencies were related to aliphatic chain length and dependent on concentration. N-1-n-tetradecyl-sodium phthalamate displayed moderate efficiency against uniform corrosion, 42–86% at 25 °C and 25–60% at 40 °C. Tests indicated that compounds behave as mixed type inhibitors where molecular adsorption on steel followed Langmuir isotherm, whereas thermodynamic suggested that a physisorption process occurred. XPS analysis confirmed film formation on surface, where Fe+2 complexes and Fe+2 chelates with phthalamates prevented steel from further corrosion. 相似文献
9.
Marely G. Figueroa-Pérez Iza F. Pérez-Ramírez Octavio Paredes-López Candelario Mondragón-Jacobo 《International Journal of Food Properties》2018,21(1):1728-1742
This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and nutraceutical properties of nopal cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica) at different stages of maturity. Medium-age cladodes showed the highest total saponins, phytosterols, and indigestible fiber, as well as the highest in vitro antioxidant capacity and digestive enzymes inhibitory activity. Furthermore, these cladodes presented the highest content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, narcissin, nicotiflorin, β-sitosterol, and sitosteryl-3-β-glucopyranoside, as well as several amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids. Whereas young cladodes contained the highest concentration of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. These results demonstrated that maturity affects the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of nopal cladodes. 相似文献
10.
The heat of combustion of two distinctly synthesized stoichiometric tantalum-tungsten oxide energetic composites was investigated by bomb calorimetry. One composite was synthesized using a sol-gel (SG) derived method in which micrometric-scale tantalum is immobilized in a tungsten oxide three-dimensional nanostructured network structure. The second energetic composite was made from the mixing of micrometric-scale tantalum and commercially available (CA) nanometric tungsten oxide powders. The energetic composites were consolidated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique under a 300 MPa pressure and at temperatures of 25, 400, and 500 °C. For samples consolidated at 25 °C, the density of the CA composite is 61.65 ± 1.07% in comparison to 56.41 ± 1.19% for the SG derived composite. In contrast, the resulting densities of the SG composite are higher than the CA composite for samples consolidated at 400 and 500 °C. The theoretical maximum density for the SG composite consolidated to 400 and 500 °C are 81.30 ± 0.58% and 84.42 ± 0.62%, respectively. The theoretical maximum density of the CA composite consolidated to 400 and 500 °C are 74.54 ± 0.80% and 77.90 ± 0.79%, respectively. X-ray diffraction analyses showed an increase of pre-reaction of the constituents with an increase in the consolidation temperature. The increase in pre-reaction results in lower stored energy content for samples consolidated to 400 and 500 °C in comparison to samples consolidated at 25 °C. 相似文献