THE LAW OF EFFECT AND THE ORIGIN OF THE CLASSICALLY CONDITIONED EYELID RESPONSE.

COMPARED THE TRIAL OF 1ST OCCURRENCE OF AN EYELID RESPONSE WITH CR CHARACTERISTICS BY CLASSICALLY CONDITIONED SS TO THE TRIAL OF 1ST OCCURRENCE AT THE SPONTANEOUS RATE BY SS RECEIVING UNPAIRED CSS AND UCSS. RESPONSES WERE PRODUCED SIGNIFICANTLY EARLIER THAN UNPAIRED PRESENTATIONS. WITHIN-S COMPARISONS WITH PREDICTED TRIAL OF 1ST OCCURRENCE BASED ON SPONTANEOUS RATE PRIOR TO INITIATION OF CONDITIONING GAVE EQUIVOCAL RESULTS. A SIMPLE LAW OF EFFECT INTERPRETATION OF THE INITIATION OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, WHICH REQUIRES THAT THE CR 1ST OCCUR SPONTANEOUSLY IN ORDER TO BE REINFORCED BY THE INSTRUMENTAL EFFECT OF THE CR ON THE UCS BEFORE ACQUISITION CAN BEGIN, WAS NOT SUPPORTED. (FRENCH ABSTRACT) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cover photograph Seasat radar image of the Phoenix,Arizona, Region

Abstract

A high spatial resolution HF radar operating in the skywave mode has been used to map a warm water eddy and the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic ocean by means of remotely sensing the current structure of the eddy. A bistatic system was used, transmission being provided by the NRL MADRE radar, in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, while reception of the backscattered signal was carried out with the ONR 1100m array at Whitehouse, Virginia, some 80 miles south of the transmission site. Currents were measured by determining the shifts of the Bragg lines of the scattered signal due to the translation of the water mass in a given radar scattering cell, which measured typically 6 km in range and 12 km in azimuth. The eddy was located approximately 1200 km from the east coast; two-way E-layer propagation was used for radar coverage to this range. Path quality was sufficiently stable to allow radial velocity resolution of the order of 12cm/s, using coherent integration times of 100 s. This technique offers a capability not available with infrared setallite sensors, which measure thermal features that can be masked by several causes.     

Effect of Mineral Gluconates on Quality Characteristics of Bread and Cookies

These studies examined the effect of expanded fortification (FNB, 1974), using gluconates of Fe, Zn, Ca, and Mg as the mineral source, on quality characteristics of white pan bread and chocolate chip cookies. Gluconates, including magnesium gluconate, did not affect the yeast activity, dough mixing time, proof time, or dough pH. The pH and subjective quality scores of the breads were also little affected by any of the gluconates. Fortification reduced the specific loaf volumes slightly and also caused, by day 6, a greater firming of the crumb. Gluconates did not affect the subjective quality scores or spread ratios of the cookies, although cookie pH was lowered somewhat. Used singly, test gluconates did not appreciably alter the bread or cookie flavor profile except that cookies containing Zn gluconate were consistently preferred.     

Future outlook for the Irish dairy industry: a study of international competitiveness, influence of international trade reform and requirement for change

European Union (EU) trade liberalisation policies will continue to push EU milk price downwards and necessitate increased efficiency and scale at farm and processing level to maintain profitability. In Ireland pasture-based dairying, based on the efficient conversion of grazed grass into milk can be competitive within the EU. Continued technical innovation increasing animal performance from grazed grass, increasing herd genetic potential and developing labour efficient lower fixed cost systems will be essential. At processing level, increased efficiency in commodity processing, higher margin product development and the evolution of milk payment systems to reflect the true product value of supplies received will be required.     

The effect of Cu doping on optical and surface properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) deposition

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this work, copper as a dopant was utilized in the ZnO thin film, and furthermore the structural, optical, elemental, and topological...     

Study of Metal and Ceramic Thermionic Vacuum arc Discharges

The thermionic vacuum arc （TVA） is a new type of plasma source, which generates a pure metal and ceramic vapour plasma containing ions with a directed energy. TVA discharges can be ignited in high vacuum conditions between a heated cathode （electron gun） and an anode （tungsten crucible） containing the material. The accelerated electron beam, incident on the anode, heats the crucible, together with its contents, to a high temperature. After establishing a steadystate density of the evaporating anode material atoms, and when the voltage applied is high enough, a bright discharge is ignited between the electrodes. We generated silver and Al2O3 TVA discharges in order to compare the metal and ceramic TVA discharges. The electrical and optical characteristics of silver and Al2O3 TVA discharges were analysed. The TVA is also a new technique for the deposition of thin films. The film condenses on the sample from the plasma state of the vapour phase of the anode material, generated by a TVA. We deposited silver and Al2O3 thin films onto an aluminium substrate layer-by-layer using their TVA discharges, and produced micro and/or nano-layer Ag-Al2O3 composite samples. The composite samples using scanning electron microscopy was also analysed.