有限光束穿过薄介质板的类Goos-H(a)nchen位移

研究了有限光束穿过薄介质板时透射光束存在类Goos-H(a)nchen位移、角偏转、束腰宽度的修正以及焦点的纵向移动4种非几何光学效应;给出了位移反向时入射角及介质板的厚度所需满足的必要条件;报道了利用微波技术首次在实验上观测到穿过薄介质板时波束的反向GHL位移.这些奇异的光学现象将在光学器件和集成光学中具有潜在的应用.     

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin on the functional properties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolate

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis induced by trypsin on the physicochemical and functional properties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolate (HPI) were investigated. The enzymatic hydrolysis was confirmed by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). SEC and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses confirmed the presence of aggregates in the corresponding hydrolysates (with the degree of hydrolysis of 2.3–6.7%). Functional properties, including protein solubility (PS), thermal properties, emulsifying and foaming properties, and water holding and fat adsorption capacities (WHC and FAC) were evaluated. The PS was remarkably improved by the limited enzymatic hydrolysis at all tested pH values. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis led to the marked decreases in emulsifying activity index, foaming capacity and foam stability, WHC and FAC. These decreases were to a great extent related to the presence of aggregates in the hydrolysates.     

工艺条件对酶法改性大豆蛋白膜性能的影响（Ⅰ）

研究了酶浓度、成膜溶液的pH值、干燥温度等工艺参数对谷氨酰胺转移酶(TGase)改性大豆分离蛋白(SPI)膜性能的影响.SPI膜制好后裁切成所需要的样品形状,放在相对湿度为50%的环境中平衡48 h,测定抗拉强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(EB)、水分含量(MC)、总可溶性物质量(TSM)、表面疏水性(S0)及透光率等各项指标.研究表明低浓度的酶浓度改性可显著(P≤0.05)增加SPI膜的TS值和S0值,而降低TSM值.TGase改性使EB值下降,酶浓度越高,EB值下降得越多.TGase改性膜的S0值和TSM值随着酶浓度的增加而增加.成膜溶液的PH值显著影响TGase改性SPI膜的TS值和S0值.TGase改性SPI膜的TS值、EB值和S0值随着干燥温度从18℃增加到50℃而逐渐下降.     

响应面法优化复合塑化剂玉米醇溶蛋白膜延伸率的研究

采用响应面分析法(RSM)研究复合塑化剂(甘油,油酸和聚乙二醇按不同比例混合)对玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)膜的延伸率的影响. 在单因素试验基础上,应用中心组合试验设计原理设计试验,以甘油、油酸和聚乙二醇为影响因素,延伸率为响应值建立二次回归方程,通过响应面分析得到其优化组合. 结果表明:复合塑化剂能显著增大zein膜的延伸率,三种塑化剂影响效果按大小排列顺序为聚乙二醇,油酸和甘油. 当甘油加入量为0. 36 g/g,油酸加入量为0. 79 g/g,聚乙二醇加入量为0. 86 g/g时,zein膜的延伸率最好,在此条件下,zein膜延伸率的理论预测值为328. 11%,验证值为326. 93%.     

Thermal aggregation and gelation of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein isolate at pH 2.0: Influence of ionic strength

Thermal aggregation and gelation of kidney bean protein isolate (KPI) at pH 2.0 and varying ionic strengths (0–300 mM) were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and turbidity and dynamic oscillatory measurements. DLS and AFM analyses showed that the extent of thermal aggregation at pH 2.0, or contour length of the worm-like and fine-stranded aggregates, progressively increased with increasing ionic strength. Turbidity and dynamic rheological analyses indicated that, the turbidity and mechanical moduli of the formed gels also increased with the increase in both ionic strength and protein concentration (c). The c dependence of the elastic modulus G′ could be well described using both fractal and percolation models, though in the case of fractal model applied, two distinct scaling regimes were observed. These results suggest that at pH 2.0, the thermal aggregation and gelation behaviors of the proteins in KPI could be remarkably affected by a change in electrostatic repulsion, and homogenous fine-stranded gels formed at ionic strengths in the 0–300 mM range.     

Functional properties and in vitro trypsin digestibility of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein isolate: Effect of high-pressure treatment

The effects of high-pressure (HP) treatment at 200–600 MPa, prior to freeze-drying, on some functional properties and in vitro trypsin digestibility of vicilin-rich red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein isolate (KPI) were investigated. Surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl (SH) and disulfide bond (SS) contents were also evaluated. HP treatment resulted in gradual unfolding of protein structure, as evidenced by gradual increases in fluorescence strength and SS formation from SH groups, and decrease in denaturation enthalpy change. The protein solubility of KPI was significantly improved at pressures of 400 MPa or higher, possibly due to formation of soluble aggregate from insoluble precipitate. HP treatment at 200 and 400 MPa significantly increased emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI); however, EAI was significantly decreased at 600 MPa (relative to untreated KPI). The thermal stability of the vicilin component was not affected by HP treatment. Additionally, in vitro trypsin digestibility of KPI was decreased only at a pressure above 200 MPa and for long incubation time (e.g., 120 min). The data suggest that some physiochemical and functional properties of vicilin-rich kidney proteins can be improved by means of high-pressure treatment.     

Wettability, surface microstructure and mechanical properties of films based on phosphorus oxychloride-treated zein

BACKGROUND: Zein, the predominant protein in corn, has been extensively studied as an alternative packaging material in edible and biodegradable films. However, films made from 100% zein are brittle under normal conditions. The aim of this investigation was to improve the film‐forming properties of zein by chemical phosphorylation. The surface hydrophobicity, surface microstructure and mechanical properties of films based on untreated and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃)‐treated zein were evaluated and compared. The effect of POCl₃ treatment on the rheological properties of zein solutions was also studied. RESULTS: POCl₃ treatment, especially at pH 7 and 9, led to an increase in the apparent viscosity of zein solutions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the film based on POCl₃‐treated zein at pH 7 had a stone‐like surface microstructure with a higher roughness (R_q) than the untreated zein film. The AFM data may partially account for the phenomenon that this film exhibited high surface hydrophobicity (H₀). POCl₃ treatment diminished the tensile strength (TS) of zein films from 4.83–6.67 to 1.3–2.29 MPa. However, the elongation at break (EAB) of the films at pH 7 and 9 increased from 3.0–4.5% (control film) to 150.1–122.7% (POCl₃‐treated film), indicating the potential application of zein films in wrapping foods or in non‐food industries such as sugar, fruit or troche that need good extension packing materials. CONCLUSION: The data presented suggest that the properties of zein films could be modulated by chemical phosphorylation treatment with POCl₃ at an appropriate pH value. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of Acylation on the Functional Properties and In Vitro Trypsin Digestibility of Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Protein Isolate

ABSTRACT:  The effects of succinylation and acetylation on some functional properties and the  in vitro  trypsin digestibility of kidney bean protein isolate (KPI) were investigated. The extent of succinylation or acetylation progressively increased from 0% to 96% to 97%, as the anhydride-to-protein ratio increased from 0 to 1 g/g. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and zeta potential analyses indicated that acylation, especially succinylation, considerably increased the net charge and hydrodynamic radius of the proteins in KPI, especially vicilin. Acylation treatment at various anhydride-to-protein ratios (0.05 to 1 g/g) remarkably improved the protein solubility (PS) and emulsifying activity index (EAI) at neutral pH, but the improvement by succinylation was much better than that by acetylation. Succinylation resulted in a marked decrease in mechanical moduli of heat-induced gels of KPI, while the mechanical moduli were, on the contrary, increased by acetylation. Additionally,  in vitro  trypsin digestibility was improved by the acylation in an anhydride-type and level-dependent manner. The results suggest that the functional properties of KPI could be modulated by the chemical acylation treatment, using succinic or acetic anhydride at appropriate anhydride-to-protein ratios.     

有限光束穿过薄介质板的类Goos-Hnchen位移

研究了有限光束穿过薄介质板时透射光束存在类Goos-Hanchen位移、角偏转、束腰宽度的修正以及焦点的纵向移动4种非几何光学效应;给出了位移反向时入射角及介质板的厚度所需满足的必要条件;报道了利用微波技术首次在实验上观测到穿过薄介质板时波束的反向GHL位移.这些奇异的光学现象将在光学器件和集成光学中具有潜在的应用.     

The relationships between physicochemical properties and conformational features of succinylated and acetylated kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein isolates

The effects of succinylation and acetylation on some physicochemical properties and conformational features of kidney bean protein isolate (KPI) were investigated. The extent of N-acylation progressively increased up to 93–94% with increasing anhydride-to-protein ratio (0–1.0 g g^?1), while the O-acylation occurred only after extensive blocks of ε-amino groups. Zeta potential and size exclusion chromatography analyses indicated that the acylation and the succinylation in particular led to decreases in isoelectric point and zeta potential at neutral pH, in an extent of acylation dependent manner, while the association/dissociation state of the vicilin was slightly affected by the acylation. The surface hydrophobicity was also remarkably affected by the acylation, but the influence varied with the type and extent of acylation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), intrinsic fluorescence and near-UV and/or far-UV CD spectroscopic analyses showed significant changes in tertiary and/or secondary conformations of the proteins in KPI, with extent of acylation, especially extent of succinylation. These phenomena suggest close relationships between the physicochemical properties and tertiary and/or secondary conformational features of the proteins in acylated KPI samples. It is also suggested that the physicochemical and conformational properties of KPI could be modulated by selecting the type and level of the applied anhydrides.