嵌入式设备网络安全的实际解决方案

嵌入式设备在很多应用场合正在和因特网相连接，比如蜂窝电话、机顶盒、无线接入点、医疗设备和公共信息电话亭。当这些能够上网的设备与因特网连接，但是没有足够的安全考虑时，他们将很容易受到攻击，这些攻击包括无意的访问和恶意攻击。如果没有一些相应安全措施，这些攻击可能会使设备的功能、操作以及包含的信息遭受破坏。     

Ratings of the performances of practicing internists by hospital-based registered nurses

PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility and reliability of ratings completed by hospital-based registered nurses of the humanistic qualities, communication skills, and selected aspects of the clinical skills of practicing internists. METHOD: In 1988-1989, registered nurses who worked in the same 175 hospitals as 232 internists with admitting privileges at these hospitals rated the internists' performances. The nurses were selected from medicine floors, specialty floors, and intensive care units and/or critical care units, using lists provided by head nurses. A total of 1,877 rating questionnaires with 13 performance categories were collected (with a mean of 8.01 nurses per internist). The ratings were analyzed to determine measurement characteristics and the relationships of the nurses' demographic characteristics to the ratings. In addition, for each of ten performance categories for 152 of the internists, the average rating each internist received from nurses was compared with the average rating each internist received from peer physicians. Statistical analysis used Pearson correlations, canonical correlations, factor analyses, Student's t-tests, analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression. Finally, the internists themselves, including physicians who were not actually rated by the nurses, were asked to complete a brief questionnaire that included questions about their opinions of the use of nurses' ratings. RESULTS: The nurses' ratings correlated moderately strongly with the peer physicians' ratings and had a common structure. However, the nurses' ratings were lower for several humanistic qualities, including respect, integrity, and responsibility, and their ratings were higher for medical knowledge and verbal communications. Across the 13 performance categories, approximately 10-15 ratings from nurses were needed to obtain a reliable assessment of an internist's humanistic qualities and communication skills. Many internists felt that nurses' ratings should be used equally with, or at least as a lesser contribution to, ratings by peer physicians of humanistic qualities and communication skills. CONCLUSION: Nurses' ratings appear to provide a feasible and reliable method of evaluating the internists' communication skills and humanistic qualities, when used in conjunction with ratings by peer physicians.     

Effect of duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in patients with chronic pancreatitis

Two mobilizable cloning vectors, designated pABW1 and pAWB2, were constructed basing on the E. coli vector pBGS18 and oriT originating from RK2. In pABW2 the kanamycin resistance gene was replaced by a novel tetracycline resistance cassette derived from Tn1721. Both vectors, specific for E. coli, allow to perform the cloning steps in E. coli and then to efficiently transfer the constructs by conjugation to the host of choice. A vector which cannot propagate in the given host can be applied for identification of the host specific plasmid replicator regions. With the use of pABW2 we defined the minimal replicator region of pTAV202-a mini-derivative of the large pTAV1 plasmid of P. versutus. We also proved that RepC' encoded on this fragment is the principal initiator replication protein and that oriV is located along its coding sequence.     

MRI of primary malignant cardiovascular tumors

In 1895 Trendelenburg described his sign to determine the integrity of hip function. We found the sign to be positive in a patient whose hip was clinically and radiologically normal, and therefore investigated this in other patients. We confirmed that a medial shift of the mechanical axis of the leg below the hip may cause a positive Trendelenburg sign. This has not been previously described.     

Behavioral and pharmacologic approaches to smoking cessation

Cigarette smoking continues to be the single, most preventable cause of death and disability in the United States. For individuals who have cancer, continuing to smoke negatively impacts their treatment, survival, and risk for second primary tumors. This review of behavioral and pharmacological approaches to smoking cessation focuses on the recent comprehensive review of cessation interventions by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), as well as on new developments in the field. An intervention model is outlined that provides oncologists with a brief and easily implemented method of systematically treating patients who smoke. By assessing patient smoking status, advising smoking patients to quit, and proactively assisting their patients in quitting, oncologists can significantly influence patient health and fulfill their professional and ethical responsibility to address this life-threatening behavior.     

Transgenic overproduction of islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) is not sufficient for islet amyloid formation

Islet amyloid polypeptide forms islet amyloid deposits in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We have generated transgenic mice which express human islet amyloid polypeptide in their pancreatic beta cells yet do not develop islet amyloid deposits despite producing levels of the amyloidogenic human peptide 2 - 3 fold higher than the native (mouse) peptide. To determine whether marked overproduction of islet amyloid polypeptide is a potential cause of islet amyloid formation, we increased expression of this transgene by producing homozygous transgenic animals and by making heterozygous mice experimentally insulin resistant with nicotinic acid. Pancreatic content of islet amyloid polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in homozygous and nicotinic acid-treated mice was 2-fold (25 +/- 7 fmol/microg; n = 6) and 3.5-fold (47 +/- 20 fmol/microg; n = 3) higher, respectively, than that of untreated heterozygous animals (13+/-2 fmol/microg; n = 11; both p < 0.05). Despite this marked increase in production of islet amyloid polypeptide, neither group of mice developed gross islet amyloid deposits even after 16 months of age. We conclude that overproduction of islet amyloid polypeptide, even as produced by extreme insulin resistance, is not in itself sufficient for islet amyloid formation.     

Control of volatile organic compounds by an AC energizedferroelectric pellet reactor and a pulsed corona reactor

Two laboratory-scale plasma reactors, an alternating current (AC) energized ferroelectric (high dielectric ceramic) packed bed reactor and a nanosecond pulsed corona reactor, were constructed. This study was done to develop baseline engineering data to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of plasma reactors to the destruction of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at PPM levels. Complete destruction was obtained for toluene. Conversions of methylene chloride at 95% and trichlorotrifluoroethane (known as CFC-113) at 67% were achieved for the plasma reactors used. The conversion was dependent on the mean electron energy in the reactor and was also related to how strongly halogen species were bonded with carbon