Solids Extraction of Cod Frame and Effects on Ultrafiltration of the Aqueous Extract

Grinding, pH adjustment, heat treatment and centrifugation were studied to recover solids from ground cod frames and to apply ultrafiltration (UF) to the resulting aqueous phase. Early heat treatment (90°C/20 min) dissolved collagen into aqueous phase resulting in a very low UF flux. A pH adjustment to 4.5 after grinding (～0.32 cm die), with no heat resulted in efficient separation after centrifuging. UF of the aqueous phase showed an increase in initial flux (23 L/hr m²). However, when the same aqueous material was heated and then centrifuged (1–2% solids removed), UF flux was further increased to 46 L/hr m²and this process gave highest solids recovery (90%).     

CARBON-OXYGEN REACTION IN MOLTEN NICKEL AND NICKEL-10% CHROMIUM IN A VACUUM INDUCTION FURNACE

在电熔氧化镁坩埚中真空感应熔炼镍和镍-10％铬合金,于1500—1540℃温度和10~(-4)乇压力的条件下,通过三种不同方法(碳脱氧、氧脱碳)获得了10~(-5)-10~(-6)数量级的碳氧乘积;对碳氧反应的机理提出了看法。     

三维快速自旋回波(SPACE)——序列原理及其应用

二维快速自旋回波(Two Dimensional Turbo Spin Echo,2D TSE)是目前临床应用十分广泛的一项成像技术。通 过与隔层扫描技术相结合,2D TSE 已在短时间内迅速应用于整个大脑的成像。由于射频能量吸收率(Specific Absorption Rate,SAR)以及 T2 衰减的影响,TSE 数据采集效率难以满足三维成像的要求。SPACE(Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrasts by using different flip angle Evolutions)在 TSE 的基础上,采用非选择回聚脉冲和可变翻转 角,克服了 SAR 和 T2 衰减的影响,满足了临床对三维 TSE 的需求。文章将详细介绍 SPACE 的基本原理,分析成像参 数对图像质量的影响,并简单介绍 SPACE 在人体各个部位的临床应用及其前景展望。     

脉冲激光沉积制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜中Li离子表观扩散的研究

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在镀Pt的Si衬底上制备了LiCoO2薄膜,运用XRD、Raman光谱、SEM和循环伏安等方法对其结构与电化学性能进行表征,在此基础上着重采用电位间歇滴定技术(PITT)对其Li离子表观扩散进行了分析.结果表明,600 ℃制备的LiCoO2薄膜为HT-LiCoO2相,呈柱状晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸在100 nm以下,结晶度高,并且具有明显的[001]择优取向,但少量缺Li.伏安循环曲线表明,该LiCoO2薄膜具有良好的电化学可逆性,但只在3.9 V(vs Li/Li )附近出现一对氧化还原峰.PITT测试表明,PLD方法制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜的Li离子扩散系数在10-8-10-9cm2/s,与其它方法(如射频磁控溅射)制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜相比,扩散系数高1-2个数量级;并且PLD方法制备的HT-LiCoO2薄膜中Li离子扩散系数与相变有关,在两相共存区,由于相界钉扎的作用,Li离子扩散系数比其它区域小1-2个数量级.     

Modified analogue forecasting in the hidden Markov frameworkfor meteorological droughts

An analogue method(AM) is a nonparametric approach that has been applied to predict the future states of a dynamic system by following the evolution of the analogues in the historical archive. In this study, we proposed a hidden Markov model(HMM)framework for a modified analogue forecasting(MAF) approach for meteorological droughts in Korea. The unobservable(hidden) state process in the framework aims to model the underlying drought state, while the observation process was formed from the time series of the standardized precipitation index(SPI) as a drought index. Within the framework, the likelihood estimator was used as the measure of similarity between past SPI analogues and current data. The MAF approach was conducted on the selected analogues to make forecasts at lead times of one and three months. The proposed model was applied to five selected stations in Korea using the SPI data from 1973 to 2016. The forecasting performance of the proposed model was tested during the validation period(2003–2016) using several statistical criteria and it was compared to a persistence-based benchmark model. The results showed significant improvement in the forecasting capacity, and satisfactory performance for numerical SPI forecasting and categorical drought forecasting. The results also suggested that the proposed model was able to provide useful information for determining future drought categories for early drought warning with a lead time of up to three months.     

Reactive wetting phenomena of MgO-C refractories in contact with CaO-SiO2 slag

Wetting phenomena between MgO C and CaO SiO2 slags were investigated by varying carbon content.A sessile drop technique was adopted to study the wetting phenomena in conjunction with a high speed camera for the observation of intrinsic wetting phenomena.The results show that the high content of SiO2 and the presence of Al2O3 in slags enhance the diffusion of Mg2+,leading to the promotion of reactive wetting.The carbon in MgO C refractory impedes the penetration of slags by repelling the slag and slowing the diffusion of Mg2+.This accounts for the non-wetting behavior of the slag on MgO C refractory with 17% (mass fraction) carbon similar to that of graphite.     

STRESS CONTROLLED FERROELECTRIC (BA0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 THIN FILMS PREPARED ON GD2O3/SRTiO3(001) BY A PULSED LASER DEPOSITION

ABSTRACT

Stress controlled epitaxial ferroelectric Ba_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃ (BST) films have been deposited on Gd₂O₃/SrTiO₃ by pulsed laser deposition with oxygen background pressure of 200 mTorr at the deposition temperature of 750°C. In order to control the stress in BST films, oxygen pressures for Gd₂O₃ buffer layers have been varied from 0.1 to 100 mTorr, while that of BST films have been fixed at 200 mTorr. It has been found that the lattice parameters of the BST films deposited on Gd₂O₃ were changed. Furthermore, microwave properties of co-planar waveguide (CPW) fabricated on BST films were investigated by a HP 8510C vector network analyzer from 1–20 GHz. Large dielectric tunabilities were observed from the CPW's fabricated on BST films deposited on Gd₂O₃ layers deposited at low and high oxygen pressures, 0.1 and 100 mTorr, respectively.     

电力市场环境下的发电容量充裕性（一）单一能量市场情形

能否完全依靠单一能量市场来确保发电容量充裕性是一个存在广泛争论的重要问题。研究了在完全竞争的单一能量市场中的发电容量充裕性问题,建立了相关的理论分析模型,研究结果表明没有足够的理论依据证明这种市场模式能够确保发电容量充裕性;根据对采用这种市场模式的实际电力市场的运营情况分析,表明了单一能量市场在引导充裕发电投资方面确实存在问题。理想条件下的理论模型分析和现实情况下的影响因素讨论均表明,单一能量市场模式难以确保发电容量的充裕性。这些研究有助于理解和把握电力市场环境下发电容量充裕性问题的基本特征。