Production of proteinaceous antifungal substances from Lactobacillus brevis NCDC 02

Forty standard Lactobacillus cultures were checked for their antifungal properties against nine standard fungi. Yeasts were found to be more resistant than moulds. Lactobacillus brevis NCDC 02 was selected for further studies due to the maximum antifungal activity and proteinaceous nature of antifungal substance production. The optimum production of antifungal substances was at 37°C for 48 h and at the initial pH of 6–7 of the medium. The antifungal substances were heat- and pH-stable. The antifungal substances were found to be hydrophobic and their molecular weight was found to be more than 1 kDa and less than 5 kDa.     

Energy modelling for the national economy — generalized model based on a physical systems theory approach

This paper presents an approach to the study of the energy related issues of the national economy using physical systems theory concepts for economic and real life systems. The main issues are: the efficiency of various energy conversion and utilization processes in terms of the macro-level technological coefficients; the direct and indirect energy wastes as calculated on the basis of technological coefficients; the effect of energy wastes on the unit cost of energy available to the consumers; the consumption of natural resources based on the final and intermediate demands of various sectors; and the amount of environmental pollution due to energy wastes disposed of to nature. A model is developed for a simplified two-sector national economy which is later extended to a generalized multi-sector model in a branchchord framework. This generalization is a step forward in simplifying the solution methodology for the multi-sector models through substitution, thus avoiding the necessity of drawing a complex system graph or solving large matrices required in the solution methodology.     

Transportation mode detection using cumulative acoustic sensing and analysis

1 Introduction Smartphone sensing has emerged as an active area of interest for researchers,as these are increasingly being used in smart transportation services.This paper focuses on a smartphone based vehicle monitoring system,viz.transportation mode de-tection.Detection of the transportation mode of a commuter is usually carried out through a combination of motion sensors such as an accelerometer and position sensors such as GPS[1].