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1.
Effects of oil droplets in an agar gel matrix were investigated by mechanical analyses and sensory evaluation. The results for compressive and puncture properties were expressed in terms of relative values. All compressive properties; stress, strain and compressive energy of emulsion gels, as obtained by compression tests, decreased with both increases of oil droplet size and oil volume fraction. The stress, strain and energy of the emulsion gels obtained by puncture tests did not change with an increase in oil droplet size. Results of sensory evaluation showed that the sample containing small oil droplets was harder than that with large oil droplets. On the other hand, the large oil droplet sample was oilier than that with small oil droplets. The sensory evaluations for hardness and oiliness of emulsion gels did not exhibit significant relations to most of the properties of mechanical analyses. 相似文献
2.
CARBON ORDERING IN Fe-1.83C MARTENSITE Ⅰ. Crystal Structure of a Conventional Ordered Phase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用电子衍射方法对Fe-1.83C马氏体室温时效时产生的有序相结构进行研究,确定其结构为偏离化学计量成分Fe_4C的γ′-Fe_4结构,称为γ′-Fe_xC(Ⅰ)(x=4-11)。碳原子位于单胞的1/2,1/2,1/2位置。该有序相单胞尺寸为:(a_M,c_M分别为马氏体单胞的a和c轴长度),它与母相完全共格,位向关系为(001)_Ⅰ∥(001)_M,[100]_Ⅰ∥[110]_M。根据γ′-Fe_xC(Ⅰ)晶体结构计算出的有序相衍射花样与实验得到的衍射花样全部吻合。 相似文献
3.
第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年2月在中国举行,主会场设在河北省崇礼地区。比赛期间,当地室外日平均气温大约为-17 ℃~-2 ℃。为有效提高户外观赛者热舒适感及观赛体验,把握户外观赛者人体冷耐受特性非常重要。为此,本研究利用北京地区某商业冷库的-14 ℃~-16 ℃人工环境条件,基于北京8名高校学生(4男,4女)开展了人体冷耐受实验,重点研究人体各部位的热反应特征、冷耐受极限时间、以及人体不可忍受时的生理极限阈值等问题。研究结果表明:受试者在-14 ℃~-16 ℃冷暴露环境、且服装热阻约为2.1 clo的实验条件下,手指、脚趾的皮肤温度下降速率最快、冷感最强烈,躯干及四肢部位的皮肤温度下降速率相对较慢、冷感相对较弱;手暴露与手插兜工况下,平均可持续停留时长分别为51、67 min,影响受试者热感觉以及持续停留时间长短的关键因素分别为手指与脚趾皮肤温度,生理极限阈值均值分别为11 ℃、16 ℃,且男女之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究结果可为严寒环境下人体冷耐受特性及其改善人体热舒适性的局部供暖方法研究,提供基础数据参考。 相似文献
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6.
EFFECTS OF OIL DROPLET AND AGAR CONCENTRATION ON GEL STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF O/W EMULSION GEL 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
KYUNG-HEE KIM SHOICHI GOHTANI RYUICHI MATSUNO YOSHIMASA YAMANO 《Journal of texture studies》1999,30(3):319-335
The effects of oil droplet size and agar concentration on gel strength and microstructure of emulsion gels were investigated by compression test and cryoscanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM). At all agar concentrations, the compressive stress values of emulsion gels were lower than those of the oil-free gels. Compressive stress and energy were significantly affected by oil droplet size and agar concentration, but compressive strain was not. SEM observation revealed that the overall volume of void spaces decreased and strand compactness increased with increasing agar concentration. Gels containing oil droplets had some void spaces between the gel network and the oil droplets. The strands of emulsion gels did not cover the oil globules completely, a phenomenon which was also observed for the gel with high agar concentration. 相似文献
7.
KINETICS OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM WHEAT MILLING BY-PRODUCTS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MARCOS ANTONIO DAS NEVES NAOTO SHIMIZU TOSHINORI KIMURA KIWAMU SHIIBA 《Journal of food process engineering》2007,30(3):338-356
An overview of the potential application of wheat milling by‐products as substrate for bioethanol production is presented. In order to select a suitable microorganism, model fermentations were conducted using glucose and dry baker's yeast. The overall ethanol yield was nearly stable (ca. 0.35 g/g), independent of mash glucose concentration; mashes with 100 g glucose/L resulted in an overall ethanol productivity of 3.48 g/L·h. Slurries containing low‐grade wheat flour (LG) (100, 200 or 300 g/L) were used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with Zymomonas mobilis. Fermentation performance was evaluated based on ethanol concentration (P), productivity (Qv), yield (YP/S), production rate (Qp) and glucose consumption rate (Qs). Mashes containing 200 g LG/L produced about 52 g ethanol/L, with Qvof 2.17 g/L·h. Based on the relatively high fermentation rate of LG, reaching peak ethanol productivity within ca. 9 h of SSF, considerable savings on fermentation time was achieved. Using Z. mobilis for LG fermentation, P was about 30% higher than that obtained with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 相似文献
8.
Egg white from which the precipitate occurring during dialysis against water had been removed gave a transparent gel on heating at lower salt concentrations and pH 3.54. The addition of NaCl or a shift of pH from 3.54 to 4.50 brought about the turbid gels. Creep analyses of these transparent and turbid gels were done using a four-element mechanical model. The instantaneous elastic modulus, E0, Newtonian modulus, ηn and retarded viscoelastic moduli, E1 and η1 increased with NaCl up to 125 mM and then decreased with increase in NaCl concentration at pH 3.54. At 125 mM NaCl and pH 3.54, a translucent gel was obtained. E0 and η1 decreased with the temperature of the gel, while E1 and η1did not change depending of temperature. 相似文献
9.
The thermal pyrolysis processes and solid-state reactions in the synthesis of bismuth-based high-Tc superconducting fibre obtained by using sodium alginates are studied. This alginate is a polyelectrolyte and has not only
an excellent ion-exchange property but also a gelation to synthesize long fibrous precursors. We first determined the optimum
conditions to promote ion-exchange of this polyelectrolyte which yields high contents of metal ions in the precursor. The
thermal pyrolysis of a precursor was studied by DTA and IR absorption. On the basis of the DTA and XRD, the solid-state reactions
associated with the formation of the 2 2 1 2 phase were revealed. Our method can be applied easily to synthesize Ag-sheathed
fibre having an improved tensile strength.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.