Dynamic hierarchical bandwidth allocation using Russian Doll Model in EPON

This paper demonstrates a new hierarchical Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation algorithm using the Russian Doll Model (RDM) to allocate bandwidth for intra-Optical Network Unit (ONU) in an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). The allocation of bandwidth is based on the classification and prioritization of service. The algorithm addresses the requests of ONUs and provides differentiated services by balancing priority and fairness. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in supporting the triple-play services, i.e. video, voice, and data, as well as making effective adjustment in balancing bandwidth sharing between the ONUs compared with two other existing Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm. The proposed algorithms shows significant performance improvements in terms of bandwidth utilization, packet delay and the fairness.     

Primary structure and strand specificity of BstF5I-1 DNA methyltransferase which recognizes 5''-GGATG-3''

1. Ovomucoids were purified from Muscovy duck, domestic duck and domestic goose. 2. Peptide maps of cyanogen bromide-cleaved ovomucoids from Muscovy duck and domestic duck were very similar to one another, but differed from that of goose. 3. Muscovy duck ovomucoid showed the same protease inhibitory pattern as ovomucoid from domestic duck, inhibiting trypsin in the molar ratio of 1:2 and chymotrypsin 1:1. 4. Inhibitory complexes could be detected between chymotrypsin and ovomucoid from both Muscovy and domestic duck, but not from goose, by using non-denaturing gels. 5. No complexes could be detected between DFP-inactivated chymotrypsin and any of the ovomucoids. 6. The results show that of ovomucoid from Muscovy duck more closely resembles that from domestic duck than goose.     

The current possibilities for plastic repair with axial skin flaps on the lower extremity

Based on results of complex topographo-anatomical investigations in 187 lower extremities and experiences with performing 220 operations of free and non-free plasty with axial skin flaps formed in the femur, shin and foot, the authors consider the lower extremity as a donor site and a recipient field for such operations. Eight donor zones are selected on the lower extremity and 39 different flaps can be formed within their limits, 27 of them being tested in the clinic. Comparative characteristics of all donor zones are given. The present-day possibilities of the substitution of different wound defects using the axial skin flaps from the femur, shin and foot are shown.     

Antifungal activity of Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, Lactobacillus pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 on selected foods

In the search for new preservatives from natural resources to replace or to reduce the use of chemical preservatives 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected to be evaluated for their antifungal activity on selected foods. The supernatants of the selected strains delayed the growth of fungi for 23 to 40 d at 4 °C and 5 to 6 d at 20 and 30 °C in tomato puree, 19 to 29 d at 4 °C and 6 to 12 d at 20 and 30 °C in processed cheese, and 27 to 30 d at 4 °C and 12 to 24 d at 20 and 30 °C in commercial bread. The shelf life of bread with added LAB cells or their supernatants were longer than normal bread. This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 either the cells or their supernatants could be used as biopreservative in bakery products and other processed foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The heat stability nature of the antifungal compounds produced by the LAB isolates offers a promising application of L. fermentum Te007, P. pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 as biopreservative in bakery products or other processed foods to replace or reduce the use of chemical preservatives.     

The efficacy of the combined conservative therapy of patients with chronic obliterating arterial diseases of the extremities in outpatient practice

The paper provides the results of multimodality conservative therapy in 527 patients with chronic obliterating diseases of extremity arteries, which was performed in the outpatient setting. Factors influencing its efficiency were analyzed. The paper emphasizes the value of this direction of treatment whose underestimation sharply aggravates the prognosis of these diseases, including the results of their surgical management. Having obtained positive results in 84.5% of patients, the authors note the efficiency of treatment to be decreased with severe arterial insufficiency of lower extremities (5% of negative results in Stage IIa, 23% in Stage IIb, and 40% in Stage III), in patients with prior surgical interventions, and in elderly patients with atherosclerosis obliterans and younger patients with non-specific aortoarteritis.     

Frostbite as a problem for dermatoplastic surgery

An analysis of the 35-years experiences with treatment of 621 patients with the IV-degree frostbite of hands and feet is presented. The surgical strategy of treatment of frostbite has undergone considerable evolution for these years. In addition to classical surgical treatment, the surgeons began to widely use methods of dermo-plastic surgery which allowed not only to save the maximum possible length of the extremity segment stump, but also to reduce the frequency of purulent complications and reamputations and thus to shorten the duration of hospital treatment.     

The effect of prostatilen on the hemostatic indices in chronic prostatitis (a clinical and experimental study)

Continuous monitoring of dynamic changes of transcranial regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) was performed in 7 healthy volunteers (mean age 40.9 +/- 12.6 years; range 25-62 years) during normo- and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO at 2.5 and at 1.95 ATA) using an INVOS 3100 cerebral oximeter. A significant change between HBO and control phase could be found in rSO2, alterations (p < 0.05; ANOVA, Tukey test). The results suggest that the calculation of rSO2 may be a useful method to monitor changes of oxygen saturation under hyperbaric conditions. However, the absolute quantification of rSO2 is useless at the moment and needs further investigation.     

Measurement of transient heating in a 1.1 μm PMOSFET usingthermal imaging

Measurements of transient heating in a 1.1-μm PMOSFET, located in a 1.5-μm×1.5-mm die and mounted on a gold-plated ceramic package are reported. Steady-state temperature profiles in a range of 500 μm from midchannel are also presented . Temperatures were measured using the thermal imaging technique. The steady-state temperature in the device reached after 3 min of operation at |V_gs|=|V_ds|=5 V, was 322 K, and the rise time was 2 min. Theoretical results based on the analytical model of D. K. Sharma and K.V. Ramanathan (1983), in which a two-dimensional heat-diffusion equation is solved, are also presented. The theoretical calculations predict a 16-s rise time and a midchannel temperature of 371 K after 3 min of operation. The disagreement is most probably incurred by a simplified boundary condition used in the model. It seems that the model cannot sufficiently describe the actual heating in MOSFETs for VLSI     

Computer-assisted urino-diagnosis of kidney diseases using open-type biochemical analyzers

Computer-aided urinodiagnosis of renal diseases consists in collection of a series of urinary portions in fixed periods at rest, during exercise and drug loading with assessment in each of these portions of protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, and potassium. Concentrations of all elements are determined by open auto-analyzers using special programs; protein content is measured by two methods, sulfosalicylic acid test and Biuret method. Two data sets are formed including, respectively, information on protein content obtained by the said methods; these data are processed using special programs to reveal the regularities typical of various renal diseases. The method helps diagnose various morphologic types of glomerulonephritis and renal amyloidosis, chronic pyelonephritis and renal tuberculosis, permits assess the risk of oncological diseases of the kidneys and the type of changes in various parts of the nephron and mechanisms of proteinuria.     

A study of quality of service in the universal DBA algorithm using a PIC-based EPON testbed

Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) has emerged as a promising technology since it offers high bandwidth at a distance that can go up to 20 km. In the upstream EPON transmission, a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm is needed to avoid collisions and to efficiently allocate the bandwidth. This paper proposes an algorithm called as a Universal DBA (UDBA) algorithm that can support the priority universally in the entire EPON system. A peripheral interface controller (PIC)-based EPON testbed is used to test the algorithm within the mulipoint control protocol environment. For the performance study, we have compared the results achieved using UDBA in terms of delay, throughput, and fairness with two other DBA algorithms. UDBA shows improvements in terms of expedited forwarding, assured forwarding and best effort delay as much as 43.9, 42.6, 20 % over User-oriented Hierarchical Bandwidth Scheduling with Single Cycle (UHSA-S) and 37.5, 20.2, 25.3 % over Modified Smallest Available Report First (MSARF), respectively. Throughput is improved as high as 17.9 % over UHSA-S and 12.8 % over MSARF. In addition, the fairness index of UDBA is higher up to 14 % as compared to UHSA-S and 2.7 % as compared to MSARF.