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1.
Computer‐Interpretable Guidelines (CIGs) are the dominant medium for the delivery of clinical decision support, given the evidence‐based nature of their source material. Therefore, these machine‐readable versions have the ability to improve practitioner performance and conformance to standards, with availability at the point and time of care. The formalisation of Clinical Practice Guideline knowledge in a machine‐readable format is a crucial task to make it suitable for the integration in Clinical Decision Support Systems. However, the current tools for this purpose reveal shortcomings with respect to their ease of use and the support offered during CIG acquisition and editing. In this work, we characterise the current landscape of CIG acquisition tools based on the properties of guideline visualisation, organisation, simplicity, automation, manipulation of knowledge elements, and guideline storage and dissemination. Additionally, we describe the CompGuide Editor, a tool for the acquisition of CIGs in the CompGuide model for Clinical Practice Guidelines that also allows the editing of previously encoded guidelines. The Editor guides the users throughout the process of guideline encoding and does not require proficiency in any programming language. The features of the CIG encoding process are revealed through a comparison with already established tools for CIG acquisition.  相似文献   
2.
Summary The potato phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization of α-D-glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) onto poly[styrene-block-(4-vinylbenzyl maltohexaoside)] (1) was performed at the molar ratios of [G-l-P]0 and [maltohexaose]0 of 35, 80, and 250. The product was found to be soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, which was a good solvent for amylose, and showed the complex-formation with iodine, indicating that the product was assignable to poly[styrene-block-(styrene-graft-amylose)] (2). The quantitative analysis of the liberated phosphoric acid gave the average degree of polymerization o f the glucose unit (n) as 27, 5 1, and 180 for 2-I, 2-II, and 2-III, respectively. Received: 29 November 2002/Accepted: 22 December 2002 Correspondence to Toyoji Kakuchi  相似文献   
3.
Peptides derived from the alpha 1-region of the murine H-2Dk molecule enhance glucose uptake in rat adipose cells above the maximum obtained with insulin stimulation alone (Stagsted, J., Reaven, G. M., Hansen, T., Goldstein, A., and Olsson, L. (1990) Cell 62, 297-307). We now describe that epidermal growth factor (EGF) in combination with the same peptides, Dk-(61-85) and Dk-(62-85), stimulates cellular glucose uptake 5-7 times over the basal level, i.e. to 30-50% of the maximal insulin effect. EGF alone increased glucose uptake by only approximately 50% above basal and the peptide alone by 100% above basal. Maximal effect of EGF and peptide was reached in 10-20 min with 30 microM peptide (EC50 10-15 microM) and 50 nM EGF (EC50 1-2 nM). The effect of EGF and peptide on glucose uptake was additive to that of insulin and peptide until the maximal level attained with insulin and peptide was reached. The combined effect of EGF plus peptide on glucose transport was associated with a recruitment of GLUT4 molecules to the plasma membrane. However, the phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase which is activated by insulin was not activated by EGF plus peptide. Thus, the effect of EGF plus peptide on glucose uptake seems independent of the activity status of the insulin receptor. 125I-Labeled EGF bound specifically to rat adipose cells with an apparent affinity of approximately 2 nM and Bmax approximately 5 x 10(3). However, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides did not affect EGF-stimulated internalization of EGF receptor, in contrast to their effect on the insulin receptors. Transforming growth factor alpha had an effect similar to EGF on glucose uptake. Three other peptides derived from other parts of murine MHC class I had no effect on glucose uptake in combination with EGF. Thus, EGF in combination with certain MHC class I-derived peptides is insulinomimetic concerning glucose transport and this effect is independent of the insulin receptor activity.  相似文献   
4.
5.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of a new podophyllotoxin derivative, TOP-53 (I), and TOP-53 glucuronide (II) as its major metabolite in rat plasma and urine. For the analysis of I, the sample was chromatographed on a reversed-phase C18 column with electrochemical detection after consecutive two-step liquid-liquid extractions. Compound II was determined as I after enzymatic hydrolysis of II. This method was validated sufficiently with respect to specificity, accuracy, and precision. The limits of quantitation for both I and II were 2 ng/ml in plasma and 10 ng/ml in urine. The method is thus useful for the pharmacokinetic study of I.  相似文献   
6.
Attachment between parent and child plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the child. Accordingly disturbances in parental bonding will be linked with the development of mental disorders later in life. The present study examines the relationship between parental bonding and mental health in healthy adolescents. Participants were 847 Israeli high school students who completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the General Well-Being (GWB), the Perceived Social Support (PSS), and the Social Desirability scale (SDS). In general, Israeli adolescents reported more parental care and less control than did Australian adolescents and adults. Female subjects reported more maternal care than did males. Subjects who reported high care and low control (optimal bonding) reported less distress, better general well-being and better social support that did all other groups. In contrast, those who reported low care and high control (affectionless control bonding) had the highest BSI scores and the lowest GWB and PSS scores. These results are in line with Bowlby's theory of attachment. They also show that specific configuration of parental bonding are linked with distress and isolation in adolescents.  相似文献   
7.
This report describes a case in which a 68-year-old male underwent two operations simultaneously for left coronary ostial stenosis and gastric cancer. Successfully performed procedures were a single coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein to the left anterior descending artery, and a subtotal gastrectomy using the Billroth II method. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition after 42 days. At present, one-year postoperative, the patient has been visiting the outpatient clinic in healthy condition.  相似文献   
8.
The temperature dependence of luminescence from a long-lasting phosphor (LLP), SrAl2O4 : Eu2+,Dy3+, exposed to ionizing radiation has been measured to understand the LLP luminescence mechanism. Evaluation of the decay constants of the LLP exposed to -, β- or γ-rays at temperatures from 200 to 390 K showed that the decay constant is divided into four components ranging from 10−4 to 10−1 s−1 with activation energies of 0.02–0.35 eV.

Total luminous intensity from the LLP with changing irradiation temperature has its maximum value around the room temperature. Irradiation at elevated temperature (390 K) has the total luminescence pattern with monotonous decrease as temperature rises. As a result of evaluating the temperature dependence of luminescence, the luminescence mechanism is considered as follows:

 

Author Keywords: Radiation detection; Long-lasting phosphor; Luminescence; Temperature dependence; Fade-out effect  相似文献   

9.
10.
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) was purified from lipoprotein-free human plasma, obtained upon treatment of plasma with dextran sulfate and Ca2+, by employing a series of column chromatography. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified PLTP showed a single main band, corresponding to the molecular mass of 78 kDa. However, isoelectric focusing of the purified preparation gave multiple bands with pI ranging from 4.3 to 5.1, indicative of microheterogeneity. Purified PLTP was shown to possess not only phospholipid transfer activity, but also high density lipoprotein (HDL) conversion activity (Tu, A.-Y., Nishida, H. I., and Nishida, T. (1990), FASEB J. 4, A2148; Jauhiainen, M., Metso, J., Pahlman, R., Blomqvist, S., van Tol, A., and Ehnholm, C. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 4032-4036). Isolated HDL3 was enlarged to the size of HDL2b upon incubation with purified PLTP for 6 h at 37 degrees C at the PLTP/HDL3 molar ratio of approximately 1:45. Both the HDL conversion and the phosphatidylcholine transfer activities of purified PLTP were effectively inhibited by rabbit anti-PLTP immunoglobulin G. The primary importance of PLTP in the HDL enlargement that occurs in human plasma upon incubation at 37 degrees C was shown by the strong inhibitory effect of the anti-PLTP immunoglobulin G. The process of PLTP-mediated HDL enlargement was accompanied by the release of apoproteins, primarily apoA-I. HDL3 enlargement mediated by PLTP was effectively inhibited by the addition of free fatty acids.  相似文献   
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