Low-Temperature Properties of Mixed Diesel Fuels

The change in the low-temperature properties of winter diesel fuel with a depressant in mixing with winter and summer fuels with no additives was investigated. The effect of worsening of the maximum filterability temperature and the cloud point of the mixed fuels were established.     

Midlife aging, open-ended planning, and laboratory measures of executive function.

The frontal lobes show early signs of structural and functional change in the course of adult aging. The 1st study of the current article examined whether midlife aging influences open-ended planning, a skill that is particularly sensitive to frontal lobe damage. There were no midlife declines in the ability to carry out variants of the T. Shallice and P. Burgess (1991) Six Elements and Multiple Errands Tests. Younger adults were more likely to break individual task rules. In a 2nd experiment, middle-aged adults performed worse than young adults did on laboratory executive tests sensitive to frontal lobe damage—Self-Ordered Pointing and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (N. M. Fristoe, T. A. Salthouse, & J. L. Woodard, 1997). In spite of changes in novel executive test performance, real-world executive skills appear to be spared in midlife aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Statistical description of the macrostructure of diamond-containing powder tool materials

The macrostructure of diamond-containing tool material has been investigated. The potentials of application of a cluster theory for processing a digital metallographic image of a diamond-containing powder material are substantiated. It is proposed to consider agglomerates of diamond grains to estimate the heterogeneity of a two-phase macrostructure.     

Study of the geometric characteristics of friction surfaces of diamonds during polishing

The surface of brilliant friction is studied during polishing on an industrial machine using the method of atomic-force microscopy. It has been established that the function of the distribution of profile coordinates is normal; the roughness of the friction surface is ~0.68–1.3 nm. To describe the formation of the profile for the brilliant friction surface statistically, as mathematical model based on the theory of random processes has been proposed.     

Characterization of the components present in the active fractions of health gingers (Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Zingiber zerumbet) by HPLC–DAD–ESIMS

Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Zingiber zerumbet are two of the most commonly used ingredients in Indo-Malaysian traditional medicines, health supplements and tonics. Recently, a number of products derived from the aqueous extracts of these species have appeared in the market in the form of spray-dried powder packed in sachet or bottle. On-line high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC–DAD–ESI–MSⁿ), was used to analyze the components in the antioxidant-active fractions from the rhizomes of these species. Three components were identified from C. xanthorrhiza, including bisdemethoxycurcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2) and curcumin (3). The active fraction from Z. zerumbet consisted of five components, including kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (4), compound 5 [kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-acetyl)rhamnoside (5a) or kaempferol 3-O-(3″-O-acetyl)rhamnoside (5b)], kaempferol 3-O-(4″-O-acetyl)rhamnoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-(3″,4″-O-diacetyl)rhamnoside (7) and kaempferol 3-O-(2″,4″-O-diacetyl)rhamnoside (8). To confirm their identities, the components from Z. zerumbet were isolated conventionally and were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques as well as by comparison with literature data.     

The World’s First Industrial Batch of Arctic Diesel Fuel with Application Temperatures Down to –65°С

Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils - Until quite recently, Arctic diesel fuel was produced in accordance with GOST R 55475 with a cold filter plugging point down to –52°C using a...