Liquid Immiscibility in the Systems X2O-MO-B2O3-SiO2 (X=Na, K; M=Mg, Ca, Ba) and Na2O-MgO-BaO-B2O3-SiO2

The limits of miscibility at 650°C were determined for compositions with the mole ratio SiO₂/B₂O₃=1.07 in the systems X₂O-MO-B₂O₃-SiO₂ (X = Na,K; M = Mg,Ca,Ba) and Na₂O-MgO-BaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂. The form of the miscibility gaps in the quaternary systems is similar to that previously described for the system Na₂O-ZnO-B₂O₃-SiO₂. The topography of miscibility gaps in systems of this type is discussed in detail. The extent of the miscibility gap is correlated with the polarizing power of each cation, X and M (Na > K and Zn ≅ Mg > Ca > Ba) both among the seven quaternary systems and within the single five-component system examined. The possibility of using empirical correlations observed among the quaternary systems to predict the behavior of other compositions, or of more complex systems, is explored.     

Liquid Immiscibility in the System K2O-B2O3-SiO2

The subliquidus miscibility gap in the system K₂O-B₂O₃-SiO₂ has been determined for compositions with molar ratios SiO₂/B₂O₃<2 and T≥550°C. The shape of the miscibility gap is an elongated dome similar in form to, but less extensive than those in the lithium and sodium borosilicate systems. The consolute composition (molar) and temperature are estimated to be 4 ± 1 K₂O -30±8 B₂O₃-66±8 SiO₂ and 629±5°C, respectively .     

Adaptive exponentially smoothed control charts

This paper presents an adaptive exponentially smoothed control system. The adaptive nature is achieved by varying the weighting factor according to the value of a tracking signal. An example of an adaptive control chart is presented. Sensitivity curves, which present the probabilities of acceptance as a function of sampling periods after a change in a process occurs, are illustrated.     

Progress in integrating and optimizing production plans and schedules

Over the past twenty years two widely accepted approaches to integrated production planning and scheduling systems have emerged. The first approach was based on materials requirements planning (MRP). This approach emphasizes minimizing inventory while meeting order due dates. The second approach was heirarchical production planning (HPP). This approach emphasizes cost minimization and efficient utilization of capacity. This paper reviews the evolutionary development of each of these integrated systems and concludes by discussing the environment where each is best suited.     

A GENERALIZED NEWTON METHOD FOR HIGHER-ORDER FINITE ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS IN NON-LINEAR ELASTICITY

A generalized Newton method is proposed in conjunction with a higher-order Lagrangian finite element discretization of bodies undergoing finite elastic deformations. The method is based on a gradient-like modification of the Newton method, designed to suppress the sensitivity of higher-order elements during the early iterations, thus allowing for solutions to be obtained using moderately large step-sizes.     

The role of homogenization in the manufacture of halloumi and mozzarella cheese from recombined milk*

When halloumi and mozzarella cheese are made from normal recombined milk, neither product exhibits the characteristic stretch and melt behaviour of the fresh milk cheeses. The present study demonstrates that this problem may be overcome either by using low homogenization pressures to prepare the recombined milk or by coating the fat in the recombined milk emulsion with phospholipid and homogenizing at the usual pressure. The influence of homogenization of milk on the properties of the cheese is discussed in terms of a polymer network model.     

Process capability analysis—a robustness study

The robustness of two popular process capability ratios, C_p and C_pk, when the random process being observed departs from normality is analysed. The distributions of estimated process capability ratios are derived and used as a basis for validation of large-scale simulation studies in an examination of departures from normality. The simulation studies and analytical results provide a basis for recommended procedures. It is recommended that the impact of process distributions be considered before using popular process capability indexes, due to the lack of robustness when departures from normality are ecountered. As an extension of our findings, we consider the Taguchi loss function as a generalization to process capability analysis regardless of the underlying population distribution.     

真空灭弧室 配电开关 断路器和接触器的高可靠性元件

自从20世纪50年代中期将真空灭弧室(VI)用作配电操作开关、断路器和接触器的电流分断元件以来,其作用逐步增强.在电路的开断和配电保护领域,该电气产品已经占统治地位.真空灭弧室甚至被引入到电力输送中的通断产品的领域上.真空灭弧室受到追捧的原因有:结构紧凑、适用范围广、成本低、极好的电寿命和机械寿命,以及使用方便.其中,最重要的优点是公认的高可靠性.