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Mashing of rice with barley malt under non-conventional process conditions for use in food processes
Non-conventional mashing conditions are relevant in the development of a lactic acid-fermented soymilk beverage where mashed rice is the source of carbohydrates for the fermentation and sweetness of the beverage. Advantages in the process layout could be achieved by mashing at higher pH and lower malt concentrations than normally used in the brewing industry. the work reported here assessed the consequences of mashing under non-conventional conditions. Malt concentration in the cereal part was varied from 25% to 70% (w/w), pH was varied within 5.3 to 7.1, and prolongation of the holding times at 50°C and 62°C was investigated. Regression equations have been established for predicting yields of soluble protein, low molecular weight sugars and total fermentability as functions of pH and malt concentration. the results showed that the maltose yield was constant while glucose, maltotriose and total fermentable sugar yields decreased slightly with increasing pH and decreasing malt concentration. Prolonged mash holding times at 50°C and 62°C gave minor increases in protein yields only. It is concluded that it is quite acceptable to use non-conventional mashing conditions when a mashing step is integrated in other food processes. 相似文献
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ZHENG QingHua OU ZhiJiang LIU Ting YANG ZiJiang HOU YuQiao & ZHENG Chao MOE 《中国科学:信息科学(英文版)》2012,(12):2816-2825
Software structure is the most important factor affecting the quality of a program.The evaluation of software structure is a foundational technique for software development.However,the traditional evaluation criteria,such as "high cohesion and low coupling",are no longer appropriate for the new web applications,which are designed with a hierarchical framework.A novel approach is proposed in this paper to evaluate software quality based on the interaction and encapsulation of methods.In particular,two criteria for high quality software,the functional and hierarchical structure,are proposed to support widely used web applications.The cohesion and coupling and layer matching ratios between methods within a software package are calculated to determine whether the package is well implemented in terms of functional or hierarchical structure.This approach enables us to quantify the quality of a software system according to the structural types of its packages.Experiments were carried out on 18 versions of Struts and six open-source software packages.Our evaluation concurs with the intuition that minor upgrades,aimed at fixing bugs and adding minor functionality quickly,reduce software quality,whereas major upgrades,which normally clean up messy code and re-construct the software,improve software quality. 相似文献
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LIAN Feng HAN ChongZhao LIU WeiFeng LIU Jing & YUAN XiangHui SKLMSE Lab MOE KLINNS Lab 《中国科学:信息科学(英文版)》2012,(3):501-511
An extended product multi-sensor cardinalized probability hypothesis density (PM-CPHD) filter for spatial registration and multi-target tracking (MTT) is proposed. The number and states of targets and the biases of sensors are jointly estimated by this method without the data association. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results show that the proposed method (i) outperforms, although computationally more expensive than, the extended multi-sensor PHD filter which has been proposed for joint spatial registration and MTT; (ii) outperforms the multi-sensor joint probabilistic data association (MSJPDA) filter which is also extended in this study for joint spatial registration and MTT when the clutter is relatively dense. 相似文献
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Chang-Il SON 《浙江大学学报:C卷英文版》2012,(2):90-98
Tensor interpolation is a key step in the processing algorithms of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), such as registration and tractography. The diffusion tensor (DT) in biological tissues is assumed to be positive definite. However, the tensor interpolations in most clinical applications have used a Euclidian scheme that does not take this assumption into account. Several Rie-mannian schemes were developed to overcome this limitation. Although each of the Riemannian schemes uses different metrics, they all result in a ‘fixed’ interpolation profile that cannot adapt to a variety of diffusion patterns in biological tissues. In this paper, we propose a DT interpolation scheme to control the interpolation profile, and explore its feasibility in clinical applications. The profile controllability comes from the non-uniform motion of interpolation on the Riemannian geodesic. The interpolation experiment with medical DTI data shows that the profile control improves the interpolation quality by assessing the reconstruction errors with the determinant error, Euclidean norm, and Riemannian norm. 相似文献
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Human capital and members of the creative class are bearers of economic growth, yet little is known about exactly what the relevant factors are for the concentration of the highly skilled in a specific place. Tolerance for example is supposed to make the difference between creative and human capital. But does tolerance really make a difference for anybody? And what about other factors: Are they specifically relevant for creative individuals or simply valid for the whole population? This study contributes to the discussion on the highly skilled by investigating whether tolerance, taxes, or other regional amenities contribute to their concentration and dynamics. The results show that tolerance in particular toward immigrants, but also toward same‐sex partnerships, is a rather dynamic concept, differs largely between and within functional urban regions, and makes a difference regarding the highly skilled. 相似文献
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稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19
本文针对HuangLJ等(1999)在“扩展的局部Born Fourier偏移方法”一文中提出的散射波场计算公式在强横向变速介质的不稳定性,提出了一种新的Born近似散射场计算公式,并把该公式应用于波场递归于推过程中,进而得到一种稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法。与Split-Step Fourier方法和Phase-Screen方法相比,本方法对Marmousi模型炮集数据的偏移处理取得了良好的结果。本文提出了的Born近似散射场计算公式可扩大Born近似的应用范围,对散射波扬的计算有一定的理论意义应用价值。 相似文献
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根据热力学原理,文章认为建筑师需要通过不同的语汇和实践使建筑更趋向开放的、远离(热力学)平衡状态的系统,而不是仅仅追求节能规范、建筑模拟或建筑认证。 相似文献