Filtered inverse systems

In this paper, we propose a new type of inverse called the filtered inverse. This inverse reconstructs the approximate value of the input to the original system without differentiators. The definition and the existence condition of the filtered inverse are given first. Then the stability and minimal realization of the inverse are discussed. Also, the stability of conventional inverses without differentiators are examined to show the necessity for filtered inverses. Furthermore, the application of such an inverse to servo system synthesis is discussed.     

SCREENING OF RESISTANT TRIACYLGLYCEROLS TO THE PANCREATIC LIPASE AND THEIR POTENTIALITIES AS A DIGESTIVE RETARDANT

A gradual retarding of lipid digestion and absorption might contribute to preventing the visceral fat accumulation and obesity in humans. The lipolysis rates of different triacylglycerols (TAGs) by pancreatic lipase in vitro were studied in order to find suitable components as a retardant for lipolysis. Several TAGs containing longer acyl chains than stearic acid or containing unsaturated fatty acids whose double bonds are located closely to the carboxyl group like petroserinic and γ-linolenic acid showed significantly lower lipolysis rates as compared with triolein (OOO) control. Most of these resistant TAGs contributed to decelerating the lipolysis rate when replaced at 10% into the OOO control. Especially, 1-behenoyl-2,3-dioleoyl- rac -glycerol (BOO) was comprehensively thought to be a suitable TAG as a digestive retardant among them. Each 10% replacement of edible oils by BOO gave 15% to 30% reduction of the lipolysis rate in vitro . Resistant TAGs that are able to melt or solubilize into liquid oil at body temperature have some potential as a digestive retardant for lipids.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Visceral fat accumulation and obesity in humans are thought to be correlated with the rate of lipid digestion and absorption. The entire rate of lipid absorption is controlled by their partial replacement with some digestive retardant. Resistant triacylglycerols may have some potential as a digestive retardant of lipids. Results of the present study propose a new fat system for foods with antiobesity effect.     

Day‐Ahead Global Solar Radiation Forecasting Using Binary Trees and Factor Analysis

A method is proposed for forecasting global solar radiation. The method is based on weather information using binary trees and factor analysis. The feature of this method is that it is possible to use a simple linear forecasting equation. The method has been tested on meteorological and global solar radiation data obtained at several observation sites, and the results show that it is a promising means of maintaining the balance between demand and supply of electric power in power systems of the near future with a large number of photovoltaic systems installed.     

Raman Spectroscopy of Heat-Treated B2O3-SiO2 Glasses

Raman spectra were measured on B₂O₃-SiO₂ glasses heat-treated at different temperatures and for different periods of time. It was found that the intensity ratio of the 810- and 475-cm⁻¹ bands depended on the thermal history and composition of glass. The intensity vs heat-treatment temperature curve exhibited a maximum in the glass-transition temperature range. High-temperature Raman spectra were measured on 0.5B₂O₃-0.5SiO₂ glass, both with increasing and decreasing temperature, between room temperature and 600°C. Above 300°C with increasing temperature, the intensity of the 810-cm⁻¹ band decreased, whereas the intensity of the 475-cm⁻¹ band increased. The changes reversed with decreasing temperature. The reversible change of the intensity of the two bands was interpreted as a reversible formation and decomposition of boroxy rings with temperature. The reaction becomes very sluggish below the glass transition so that the intensity ratio stayed constant below 300°C.     

铁损测试仪的校准方法之研究(一)

对单片硅钢片的铁损测试是硅钢片的生产和使用厂家如电机/变压器等产品质量的一项重要评价项目，本文就单片硅钢片铁损测试仪及其校准方法，从理论和实际应用两方面探讨了如何在不利用标准铁板对铁损测试仪进行校准的可行性，为铁损仪生产和使用厂家的设备校准提出了可靠的方法。     

Factors Affecting the Stability of Chlortetracycline, Tylosin and Furylfuramide Against Low Level of Ionizing Radiation

SUMMARY— Effect of low levels of ionizing radiation (0.01–0.2 Mrad) on the stability of chlortetracycline (CTC) , furylfuramide (FF) and tylosin (Tl) were investigated. Tl in the phosphate buffer of pH 6–8 was very sensitive to low-level radiation, while either FF or CTC exhibited fairly high resistance at the same dose levels. Removal of dissolved oxygen in the test solution by aerating with nitrogen gas enhanced the inactivation of TI and FF at 0.05–0.1 Mrad of radiation, but it had an opposite effect on the inactivation of CTC. Much higher TI and CTC activities were retained after irradiation at 0.1 or 0.2 Mrad when the drugs were added to albumin, gelatin, broth or minced meats of five species of fish; the retention of FF did not change.
The remaining activity of Tl at 0.1 or 0.2 Mrad of radiation was more or less influenced by adding various sugars and amino acids. The presence of sugars (mono- or disaccharides) did not change retention of TI markedly, but gave a weak protective effect. Tryptophane, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine and tyrosine exhibited a fairly high protective action on the inactivation of TI after irradiation.     

Alleviation Technique for Thermal Concentration on Specific Switching Devices in Zero‐Speed Driving of PMSM

In this paper, a technique is proposed for alleviating the thermal concentration on specific switching devices by using a zero‐sequence voltage in a three‐level inverter that drives a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a zero‐speed and high‐torque condition. The use of the PMSM in home electronics and industrial products has become widespread, since it can realize miniaturization and a high efficiency drive. However, a large DC current flows when the PMSM is used in a zero‐speed and high‐torque condition, for example, in the hill‐start of electric vehicles, start or stop of elevators, or servo lock of servo pressing machines, and so on. In these cases, the current flows in the specific switching devices and heat generation is locally concentrated. This problem is unavoidable in a conventional two‐level inverter. A technique that can change the current path in a three‐level inverter and control the losses generated in the switching devices is proposed. We evaluated the effects of the proposed technique through a circuit simulation in which the electrical characteristics of a commercially available power device were applied. The proposed technique can reduce the highest loss of the switching devices in the three‐level inverter by about 40% as compared to that in a conventional inverter. Moreover, a method is proposed that suppresses the neutral point potential variation between the power supplies. This method can also reduce the maximum loss of the specific switching devices by about 30%.     

Quality Evaluation of Fish Meat by 31 Phosphorus-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

³¹Phosphorus-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (³¹P-NMR) was used to evaluate degree of freshness of loach muscle depending on metabolic changes of high energy phosphate compounds. The phosphocreatine ([PCr])/inorganic phosphate ([Pi]) ratio was found to be a sensitive index of early metabolic hypofunction. Ratios of [PCr]/β-phosphate of ATP ([β-ATP]), and [Pi]/[β-ATP] were demonstrated to be appropriate indexes to estimate such metabolic changes in fresh fish. The intramuscular levels of creatine phosphate, ATP and pH were maintained at higher levels in blood-drained loach than in untreated fish. The freshness of fish which were bled and washed at lower temperatures were better preserved.