基于熵权灰色关联和D-S证据理论的威胁评估

为了更好地处理空中威胁目标的不确定性信息,提出了基于熵权灰色关联和D-S证据理论相结合的威胁评估方法.将熵理论应用于求解各指标权重,利用灰色关联法确定各指标的不确信度,进而得到各指标下不同目标的Mass函数,通过D-S证据理论对各Mass函数进行合成,根据置信函数大小对目标进行排序.仿真实验证明该方法是合理有效的.     

Photo-Fenton技术处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

Photo-Fenton氧化法是将紫外或可见光引入到Fenton体系中形成的一种高级氧化技术.介绍了Photo-Fen-ton技术处理难降解有机废水的作用机理,探讨了不同外界影响因素对处理效果的影响,阐述了该技术在水处理中研究和应用的最新进展,并提出了Photo-Fenton试剂的发展方向和前景.     

遥感蒸散发数据应用对SWAT模型径流和蒸散发模拟精度的影响

为探讨遥感蒸散发数据补充研究区水文资料的能力,及其在SWAT模型应用中对径流和蒸散发模拟精度的影响。以淮河上游息县控制流域为研究区建模,并利用实测径流资料与遥感蒸散发数据(MOD16A2)设置3种参数率定情景:仅实测径流率定参数(S1)、仅遥感蒸散发率定参数(S2)、径流与蒸散发同时率定参数(S3),分析不同情景下径流与蒸散发过程的模拟效果。结果表明:从径流模拟而言,S2、S3较S1的模拟精度(NS系数)均有不同程度的降低,但S3在S2的基础上有较明显的改善;从子流域尺度上的蒸散发模拟而言,S1至S3模拟精度呈现出逐渐上升的趋势,在采用径流与蒸散发同时率定时,S3比S2情景NS系数上升的子流域个数占总数的46%。通过逐步深入探究遥感蒸散发数据在SWAT模型中的应用,以及对参数率定的影响,从而分析其对径流与蒸散发的模拟精度产生的变化,此方法也可推广到其他水文模型,在区域尺度水资源管理与利用上具有较好的参考价值。     

Analysis and characterization of orientation structure of pre-oxidized PAN fibers in high magnetic fields

PAN fibers pre-oxidized at 240 ℃, 260 ℃, 280 ℃, 300 ℃ were treated in 8 T, 12 T, 16 T high magnetic fields, respectively. The experimental result implied that there were two kinds of magnetic units cyan and carbon-nitrogen heterocycle in pre-oxidized PAN fibers, and the movement of magnetic units resulted in changes of orientation structure of pre-oxidized PAN fibers in high magnetic fields. Overall orientation increased with increase of magnetic field intensity and extension of processing time, whereas change of crystalline orientation depended on magnetic field intensity and content of carbon-nitrogen heterocycle due to the competition of two magnetic units. Furthermore, magnetic fields induced the conversion from amorphous region to crystal region and improved crystalline properties of pre-oxidized PAN fibers.     

含硅量及等温时间对奥贝球墨铸铁机械性能的影响

探讨了含硅量及等温时间对奥贝球铁冰冷处理前后机械性能及低温冲击韧性的影响。试验表明,随着含硅量的增加,不但冷处理前常温机械性能提高,而且冰冷处理后的机械性能及低温冲击韧性也提高。而含硅3.39％和3.68％的机械性能已趋一致,等温时间为120分钟的试样,冰冷处理前后的机械性能和低温冲击韧性均最高。     

Libero IDE v8.4环境下的FPGA数字系统设计

详细介绍了在Actel公司Libero集成开发环境下,利用各种集成的工具和EDA软件进行FPGA设计的过程和方法.通过具体实例,介绍了通过混合使用VHDL硬件编程语言、SmartDesign、IP核等多种设计手段实现一个双端口RAM的方法,并给出相应的仿真效果.     

考虑综合需求响应的综合能源系统多能协同优化调度

在能源互联网迅速发展的背景下,综合能源系统多能耦合互补特性为需求侧参与系统调度提供了更大的优化空间,如何建立切实有效的多能源、多类型需求响应模型对提升系统运行性能具有重要意义。为此,建立了考虑激励型、替代型和基于实时定价机制的价格型多能源、多类型需求响应精细化模型,在此基础上,以电、气、热、冷多能耦合园区系统为研究对象,考虑系统运行、需求响应、用户用能满意度等约束条件,提出了考虑综合需求响应的综合能源系统多能协同优化调度策略。算例分析结果表明所提优化策略能够充分挖掘需求侧资源的调节潜力,在促进能源供需平衡的同时实现了系统多能协同互补与经济运行。     

Recent progress in continuous and semi-continuous processing of solid oral dosage forms: a review

Context: Continuous processing is an innovative production concept well known and successfully used in other industries for many years. The modern pharmaceutical industry is facing the challenge of transition from a traditional manufacturing approach based on batch-wise production to a continuous manufacturing model.

Objective: The aim of this article is to present technological progress in manufacturing based on continuous and semi-continuous processing of the solid oral dosage forms.

Methods: Single unit processes possessing an alternative processing pathway to batch-wise technology or, with some modification, an altered approach that may run continuously, and are thus able to seamlessly switch to continuous manufacturing are briefly presented. Furthermore, the concept of semi-continuous processing is discussed. Subsequently, more sophisticated production systems created by coupling single unit processes and comprising all the steps of production, from powder to final dosage form, were reviewed. Finally, attempts of end-to-end production approach, meaning the linking of continuous synthesis of API from intermediates with the production of final dosage form, are described.

Results: There are a growing number of scientific articles showing an increasing interest in changing the approach to the production of pharmaceuticals in recent years. Numerous scientific publications are a source of information on the progress of knowledge and achievements of continuous processing. These works often deal with issues of how to modify or replace the unit processes in order to enable seamlessly switching them into continuous processing. A growing number of research papers concentrate on integrated continuous manufacturing lines in which the production concept of “from powder to tablet” is realized. Four main domains are under investigation: influence of process parameters on intermediates or final dosage forms properties, implementation of process analytical tools, control-managing system responsible for keeping continuous materials flow through the whole manufacturing process and the development of new computational methods to assess or simulate these new manufacturing techniques. The attempt to connect the primary and secondary production steps proves that development of continuously operating lines is possible.

Conclusion: A mind-set change is needed to be able to face, and fully assess, the advantages and disadvantages of switching from batch to continuous mode production.