With a view to evaluate the effects of hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate on methane production using water hyacinth, experiments were conducted in a 160 dm3 capacity, well-mixed continuous digestion unit at ambient temperature. The optimal design of biogas plant using water hyacinth was elucidated, to provide a unit giving a maximum methane yield of 0.16 nm3 kg?1 volatile solids added, which was 60% greater than the conventional plant using cowdung. The calculations of optimal design factors were based on reactor size, hydraulic retention time and volatile solids loading rate; considerations were made of capital cost, running costs and operational revenue. 相似文献
A framework is presented for examining the effectiveness of limiting and modelling arguments used in the analysis of fluid
flows. It consists of examining the consequences of the arguments on the flow problem as a whole and breaking down the limiting/modelling
process into a sequence of steps and associated sequence of flow problems, termed here as ‘lidels’. The notion of validity
of lidels is given. Several examples are given to explain the present approach.
Invited general lecture at 3rd ACFM, Tokyo, September 1986 相似文献
The presentations made, as well as the discussions, in the panels at the workshop, Thermal Challenges in Next Generation Electronic Systems (THERMES), are summarized in this paper. The panels dealt with diverse topics including thermal management roadmaps, microscale cooling systems, numerical modeling from the component to system levels, hardware for future high performance and Internet computing architectures, and transport issues in the manufacturing of electronic packages. The focus of the panels was to identify barriers to further progress in each area that require the attention of the research community. 相似文献
Strength reduction factors (SRFs) continue to play a key role in obtaining design forces from elastic design spectra (via
response modification factors) in ductility-based earthquake-resistant design. Despite several years of sustained research
efforts, it has not been conclusively shown how SRF for a given singledegree-of-freedom structural system depends on various
source and site parameters. A parametric study is carried out here for the explicit dependence of SRF spectrum (describing
variation of SRF with system period for a given ductility demand) on strong motion duration, earthquake magnitude, geological
site conditions, and epicentral distance in case of (non-degrading) elasto-plastic oscillators. For this, scaled response
spectra are considered for different combinations of earthquake magnitude, site conditions and epicentral distance, and SRF
spectra are generated from 1274 accelerograms recorded in western USA after making those compatible with each of these spectra.
It is shown that there is no clear and significant dependence of SRF spectrum on strong motion duration. Further, the parametric
dependence on earthquake magnitude, site conditions, and epicentral distance broadly conforms to the trends reported by earlier
investigations. In particular, this study confirms that the dependence of SRF spectra on earthquake magnitude should not be
ignored.
This paper has been contributed in honour of Professor R N Iyengar, Indian Institute of Science, on the occasion of his formal
retirement. 相似文献
We present a new background-subtraction technique fusing contours from thermal and visible imagery for persistent object detection in urban settings. Statistical background-subtraction in the thermal domain is used to identify the initial regions-of-interest. Color and intensity information are used within these areas to obtain the corresponding regions-of-interest in the visible domain. Within each region, input and background gradient information are combined to form a Contour Saliency Map. The binary contour fragments, obtained from corresponding Contour Saliency Maps, are then fused into a single image. An A* path-constrained search along watershed boundaries of the regions-of-interest is used to complete and close any broken segments in the fused contour image. Lastly, the contour image is flood-filled to produce silhouettes. Results of our approach are evaluated quantitatively and compared with other low- and high-level fusion techniques using manually segmented data. 相似文献
Image captured by low dynamic range (LDR) camera fails to capture entire exposure level of scene, and instead only covers certain range of exposures. In order to cover entire exposure level in single image, bracketed exposure LDR images are combined. The range of exposures in different images results in information loss in certain regions. These regions need to be addressed and based on this motive a novel methodology of layer based fusion is proposed to generate high dynamic range image. High and low-frequency layers are formed by dividing each image based on pixel intensity variations. The regions are identified based on information loss section created in differently exposed images. High-frequency layers are combined using region based fusion with Dense SIFT which is used as activity level testing measure. Low-frequency layers are combined using weighted sum. Finally combined high and low-frequency layers are merged together on pixel to pixel basis to synthesize fused image. Objective analysis is performed to compare the quality of proposed method with state-of-the-art. The measures indicate superiority of the proposed method.
Zernike circle polynomials, their numbering scheme, and relationship to balanced optical aberrations of systems with circular pupils are discussed. 相似文献