Influence of bleached palm oil on the physicochemical and sensory properties of beef patty

The effect of palm oil on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of beef liver patty were studied. Seven batches (3units per batch) of beef liver patty with different palm oil content (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and a control with pork fat (30%) were manufactured by component mix at 1500 rpm for 1 min and cooked in an oven at 90?°C. Physico-chemical analysis of raw and cooked samples showed improvement of emulsion stability, water binding capacity, technological yield and hardness of patties substituted with lower proportions of deodorized bleached palm oil. No significant difference (P?>?0.05) was found between physico-chemical properties of liver patty formulated with 20% palm oil and the control (formulated with 30% pork fat). Sensory attributes generated by a semi-trained panel based mainly on texture, homogeneity (colour and aspect), odour and meltiness of the patties confirmed this tendency.     

Forcing biological sciences into architectural design:On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture

Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture,as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains:architectural design and bi...     

The quantitative analysis of biologically active compounds in Lithuanian honey

Different sorts of Lithuanian honey were analysed by quantitative determination of eight free phenolic acids and phenylpropanoid vanillin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Aqueous ethanol 60% was used as a solvent for preparation of honey samples. Amounts of phenolic acids honey solutions were in the range from 7.176 to 125.624 mg/ml. Free phenolic acids and vanillin had been detected in all samples of honey, but their composition and amount depended on its botanic origin. p-Coumaric and ferulic acids proved to be the main components in the acacia and buckwheat honey. Raspberry and polyfloral forest honey contained the highest amounts of chlorogenic acid. Gallic acid is a principal phenolic acid in eucalyptus honey. The highest amount of vanillin was identified in buckwheat honey. The results of the analysis revealed that free phenolic acids and vanillin were detected in all honey samples analysed, and their range and amounts varied.     

Formation and characterization of melt-spun polypropylene fibers with propolis for medical applications

The search of possibilities to improve the functional properties of textile materials has been continuing for years with the aim to provide higher hygiene characteristics offer advanced therapeutic functionality. One of available approaches to provide new properties for textiles is the inclusion of natural ingredients. Propolis extracts are successfully used in practical therapeutics for accelerated wound healing and cell proliferation processes. In this study, pure multi-filament yarns and yarns saturated with propolis were developed and characterized. The effect of preparation and formulation parameters on the characteristics of yarns was evaluated; the release of propolis extract components from yarns and their possible cytotoxicity on cell formation was also determined.     

THE NARROWING OF CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN A SONICATOR-MSMPR CRYSTALLIZER SYSTEM

Obtaining small crystals of a narrow crystal size distribution is an important problem in many pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and ceramic processing applications. This paper describes the use of a two-stage system to reproducibly produce pilot-scale quantities of a ceramic precursor powder.

The population balance is used to determine the crystal size distributions obtained from a staged crystallization system. The staged crystallization system consists of two units, a mininucleator (sonicator) and an MSMPR crystallizer. Experimental and theoretical studies of this system showed that the use of the mininucleator leads to narrowing of the crystal size distribution obtained from the MSMPR crystallizer. The resulting expression for the population density distribution allows direct fitting of experimental log population density data from the second stage to determine the growth and nucleation kinetics for both the mininucleator and the MSMPR crystallizer     

Forcing biological sciences into architectural design: On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture

Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture, as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains: architectural design and biological sciences. If biomimetics is defined as a science, once it is applied to architecture, biomimetic architecture should logically be defined as a science too. This assertion collides with the nature of architectural design, which may rather be defined as a technology: its aim is to transform the world, not to explain it. On the one hand, there is no obvious relationship between architecture and life sciences. On the other hand, the biomimetic approach tends to redefine the concept of science itself by seeking to avoid the excesses of scientism. Moreover, existing applications of biomimetic design show that it is difficult to observe a genuine biomimetic architecture; most cases are closer to engineering component or urban planning and sometimes they involve little or no life sciences. The aim of this paper is to describe this conceptual confusion through two movements called “forcings”, occurring between design and science. These forcings are conceptualised as shifts between constructed scientific objects and given empirical objects. Models, used in biology as in architecture, allow these shifts by virtue of their double function. They are both tools for knowledge and for design, thus they may be conceptually forced into what they are not supposed to be, particularly in the field of biomimetic architecture where design process and scientific knowledge are said to meet.     

SCALE-UP OF HOLLOW FIBER REACTOR SYSTEMS

Hollow fiber reactors have been developed for many biochemical and biomedical applications. In the study of these reactor systems, we have used single fiber reactors as a prototype for the larger hollow fiber cartridges. Experiments using single fibers have been conducted to obtain conversion data for reactor scale-up. We present a model for predicting conversions in bench-scale hollow fiber cartridges using these single fiber data. The model is compared to experimental conversion data and is shown to be a valuable design tool.     

Thienocycloheptapyridazines as new muscarinic agents

A series of thienocycloheptapyridazines (3aa-dd), structurally related to Minaprine, was synthesized and compounds tested for their affinity towards muscarinic receptors. All of them showed Ki values in the micromolar range towards both the antagonist 3H-QNB and the agonist 3H-OXO-M, thus indicating that they act as antagonists at the muscarinic receptors. Moreover a theoretical study was performed on their interaction behaviour with a three dimensional (3-D) model of the human m1 muscarinic receptor.     

Unfocused ergonomics?

Ergonomics is now fairly routinely used in industry. Managers often initiate contact with ergonomists. The paper argues that many ergonomists have abandoned some fundamental ergonomics principles and have unwittingly succumbed to 'sitting complacently in the manager's toolbox'. It is also argued that through its inherent diversity, ergonomics is in danger of becoming fragmented and losing its identity.