Pathogenesis and Treatment of Myeloma-Related Bone Disease

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells that causes bone-destructive lesions and associated skeletal-related events (SREs). The pathogenesis of myeloma-related bone disease (MBD) is the imbalance of the bone-remodeling process, which results from osteoclast activation, osteoblast suppression, and the immunosuppressed bone marrow microenvironment. Many important signaling cascades, including the RANKL/RANK/OPG axis, Notch signaling, the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways, and signaling molecules, such as DKK-1, sclerostin, osteopontin, activin A, chemokines, and interleukins are involved and play critical roles in MBD. Currently, bisphosphonate and denosumab are the gold standard for MBD prevention and treatment. As the molecular mechanisms of MBD become increasingly well understood, novel agents are being thoroughly explored in both preclinical and clinical settings. Herein, we will provide an updated overview of the pathogenesis of MBD, summarize the clinical management and guidelines, and discuss novel bone-modifying therapies for further management of MBD.     

An efficient VLSI switch-box router

A tool for switch-box routing that can route regions with cyclic constraints and with terminals on three or four sides is presented. A divide-and-conquer algorithm is used to explore the greedy channel routing idea, using techniques such as routing area partitioning, dynamic routing strategies, and sweeping concurrent bidirectional columns. The routing area is decomposed into three parts by two special lines cut parallel, making routing easier. The algorithm completely routes Burstein's switch-box problem and with an extension also routes the Deutsch channel example in 19 tracks     

Analysis of force patterns and tool life in milling operations

The paper describes the practical effects of the operating parameters in the milling operation. Experiments have been conducted to measure cutting force and tool life under dry conditions. Based on the experimental results, three mathematical models have been developed: Force, TLife and Force/TLife. Further analyses have been conducted on the cutting force patterns: seasonal pattern and nonlinear trend. A process optimisation that is based on the minimum production cost has been applied to relate Force model, TLife model and machinability criteria, such as power consumption, cutting parameters and surface roughness.Nomenclature C _w cost of workpiece ($) - C _s set-up cost ($) - C _m machining cost ($) - C _o overhead cost ($) - C _r tool replacement cost ($) - C _t tool cost ($) - D diameter of the cutter (inch) - d depth of cut per pass (inch) - d ₀ required depth (inch) - e _t random error attth sample - F cutting force (N) - f feedrate (ipm) - L length of workpiece (inch) - N spindle speed (r.p.m.) - n number of teeth - P power of the motor (h.p.) - R surface roughness (µm) - R _e real part of a complex function - T tool life (min) - t sample number - t _m machining time (s) - t ₀ overhead time (s) - t _r tool replacement time (s) - t _s set-up time (s) - U _i unit cost of itemi ($/unit)v - v cutting speed (i.p.m.)     

Study on bioaccessibility of betacyanins from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Food Science and Biotechnology - Betacyanins are bioactive dietary phytochemicals which can be found in red dragon fruit (RDF). Therefore, the bioaccessibility of betacyanins that present in...     

计及转速平滑恢复的双馈风电机组自适应频率控制策略

为解决现有双馈风电机组频率控制策略不能充分利用转子动能支撑电网频率及风机转速恢复造成的二次频率冲击问题,提出了一种计及转速平滑恢复的双馈风电机组自适应频率控制策略.首先在电网频率支撑阶段,借助指数函数将风电机组频率控制系数和电网频率偏差建立耦合关系,使频率控制系数随频率偏差增加而变大,从而使风电机组在频率支撑阶段释放更...     

振动时效在压力容器上的应用

介绍了振动时效调整残余应力的机理、在国内外的发展状况及振动法在压力容器上的试验与应用,并对振动法在压力容器上应用的可行性与前景进行了论述     

A new scheme for ID‐based cryptosystems and signatures

Abstract

This paper proposes a new ID‐based cryptographic scheme for implementing public‐key cryptosystems and signatures. Instead of generating and publishing a public key for each user, the ID‐based scheme permits each user to choose his name or network address as his public key. This eliminates the need of a large public‐file and the exchange of private or public keys. The major advantage of the ID‐based cryptosystems is that the number of users can be exteneded to t*L users without decreasing the system security when users conspire, where L is the number of the system's secrets and t is the number of factors in p ‐ 1.     

计及电网频率偏差的双馈风电机组频率控制策略

针对电力系统发生大扰动时,双馈风电机组采用现有下垂控制方法不能充分利用自身旋转动能为电网提供频率响应服务,提出一种计及电网频率偏差的变系数双馈风力发电机组频率控制策略。该方法通过将下垂系数与电网频率偏差耦合,可根据电网频率变化量灵活地调节下垂系数,实现在系统发生大扰动时风电机组更有效地为电力系统提供频率支撑,并借助EMTP-RV仿真平台搭建含高比例风电渗透率的电力系统模型,验证所提控制策略的有效性。仿真结果表明,在不同风速场景下,当电力系统发生不同扰动时,双馈风电机组采用该策略均可有效提升自身频率响应能力,减少系统最大频率偏差,特别是在大扰动场景下,效果更加明显。     

基于转矩极限的改进风电机组虚拟惯量控制策略

为解决大规模风电并网带来的系统频率稳定性降低问题,风电机组通过虚拟惯量控制可为系统提供短期频率支撑,然而惯性响应期间风电机组转速收敛缓慢,导致一部分转子动能被无故浪费;转速恢复阶段的有功突变易造成频率二次跌落。为此,提出基于转矩极限的改进风电机组虚拟惯量控制策略,实现在释放较少动能的前提下提供与传统策略相同的频率响应服务;并在频率步入准稳态时,借助时变功率函数开始转速恢复,实现转速快速恢复的同时缓解二次频率跌落。基于EMTP-RV仿真软件搭建包含风电场的电力系统模型,验证了所提策略的有效性。