Impacts of bridge piers on water level during ice jammed period in bend channel——An experimental study

Experiments are carried out in an "S-shaped" flume in the laboratory under both open flow and ice-jammed conditions to study the impacts of bridge piers in a bend channel on the variation of the water level. The variations of the water level under the ice jammed condition with bridge piers are compared to those without bridge piers in an 180° bend channel. Results indicate that the bridge piers in the S-shaped channel have obvious impacts on the ice accumulation and the water level. The increment of the water level with the presence of the bridge piers is less than that without the bridge piers in the channel. Different arrangements of the bridge piers result in different increments of the water level. When one bridge pier is installed in the straight section of the channel(between 2 bends) and another one at the bend apex(for a convex bank), the increment of the water level during the equilibrium ice jammed period is between that with a single bridge pier located in the straight section of the bend channel and that with a single bridge pier located at the bend apex. It is also shown that the increment of the water level during the equilibrium ice jammed period increases with the increase of the average thickness of the ice jams.     

智慧水利关键技术及系统设计

传统水利的建设和管理,在当今信息时代大环境下已出现诸多的局限性,智慧、高效地建设管理水利工程是当前新形势下需要积极探索和讨论的问题。灵江扩排工程,着手于智慧水利大课题下智慧水利系统设计及其关键技术2个方面,针对灵江扩排工程中正在开发设计的智慧水利系统整体构架进行探讨。同时介绍BIM+GIS技术、无人机+卫星遥感技术、云计算及物联网技术在本次框架搭建过程中的运用。最后结合工程,分析智慧化在水利行业的价值体现,并为水利行业的进一步推进提供研究资源。     

基于层次分析法和模糊理论的小型水库土石坝安全评价

鉴于水库大坝安全状态评价的模糊性和层次性,通过分析我国小型水库土石坝结构特征和破坏机理,构建结构安全状态评价指标体系,提出基于层次分析法和模糊理论的小型水库土石坝安全评价方法。利用模糊理论对层次分析法计算的权重进行修正,得到评价体系中各指标的隶属度值,根据最大隶属度原则确定结构安全状态的模糊综合评价结果。研究以浙江省杭州市余杭区康门小型水库土石坝为工程实例,应用本文的指标体系和模糊综合评价方法对其进行结构安全状态评估。将结果与工程实际对比发现两者基本一致,验证了本文所提出的指标体系及评价方法的有效性,可为小型水库土石坝的结构安全评价提供借鉴和参考依据。     

弯槽段冰塞形成临界条件的试验研究

冬季北方河流经常出现冰塞现象,而弯道处易于卡封是普遍认识,但对其形成机理的认识尚有待探索。借助于实验室的试验水槽,通过改变水流条件和冰流量条件,研究了S型弯槽和直槽冰塞形成条件,并进行对比分析,试验表明:弯槽段冰塞形成的临界Fr值大于直槽临界Fr值,即在相同水深的条件下,更大的流速时弯槽段也能形成冰塞;弯槽段能形成冰塞的Fr值范围大于直槽,故弯槽段更易形成冰塞;平衡冰塞厚度大致随着初始流速的增大而减小,随着初始水深的增大而增大,随着冰流量的增加而增加。     

桥墩影响下弯槽冰塞形成临界条件和冰厚变化的试验研究

天然河道中,桥墩的存在改变了局部水流特性,对冰塞形成及演变产生影响。通过模型试验,研究了桥墩存在及桥墩位置不同时对冰塞演变过程的影响,试验结果表明:桥墩的存在改变了桥墩附近的水流结构,使得桥墩附近水流输冰能力相对增大,冰塞厚度减小;相比于将桥墩安置在两弯连接直道段,将桥墩安置于弯道顶点处时,桥墩附近水流输冰能力增大;在两弯连接的直道段和弯道顶点处同时放置桥墩时,弯道平衡冰塞厚度介于单墩放置于两弯连接的直道段与单墩放置于弯道顶点处时的弯道平衡冰塞厚度之间。