Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

轧钢机械设备轴瓦的检修与维护措施分析

随着当前社会经济的进步,近年来我国工业发展极为迅速,轧钢机械设备作为工业生产的关键机械设备,其质量性能以及运行过程稳定性,决定了整个工业行业整体经济效益;但在实际实践期间轧钢机械设备轴瓦作为设备的关键部位,由于目前所存在的对其检修维护不足会直接使得整个轧钢机械设备运行稳定性无法得到保障,一定程度上对我国工业发展造成不利影响,因此注重轧钢机械设备轴瓦的检修与维护措施设置,也是保障我国工业发展能够高效、稳定发展下去的必要条件。     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

数码设备の屏幕清洁全攻略

又到了“十一”长假，除了计划着外出旅游，对于数码玩家，可千万别忘了给自己留点时间，好好地清理一下手中的数码设备。数码相机、数码摄像机、掌上电脑，哦！还有身边的笔记本电脑。这些功臣们跟随自己在这几个月里又立下了不少汗马功劳，如今过节，该好好地“慰劳”一下它们，给它们的屏幕做一下“皮肤护理”了。     

单管油井运行创新——解决零散井、难采井正常生产的一种方法

冀中北部油田河西务构造带的油井，其开采层位与主力层不同，采出原油胶质高、油稠、油温低。由于该井区地处偏远，无法进入系统，所以采取单管、单井拉油点的方式生产，因无伴造成油井井口回压高，管线堵，热洗管线频繁，严重影响油田的原油生产。经过实验研究，应用防爆电加热器解决了单管油井的运行问题。该问题的解决，不仅有助于认识该地区的地下情况，并且在其它有类似状况的零散井上推广应用，取得了良好的经济效益。现场试验表明，     

分层注水井智能测试调配技术试验评价

注水井智能测试调配技术在不改变原注水管柱的基础上，利用井下可调式堵塞器，通过地面电脑控制，实现了测试调配同步进行。通过7口井的现场试验及分析评价，表明该工艺具有测调精度高、测调时间短、测试资料准确等特点。     

High Power Fiber Bundle Array Coupled LDA Module

1 Introduction High power laser diode arrays (LDA) have many advan- tages such as small volume, long working life, high slope efficiency and high optical density, so they have many applications in medical treatment, material pro- cessing, and for the pumping source of solid laser and etc. But unfortunately, the LDA can not be easy to use directly in these fields because of their poor beam quality and extremely asymmetric divergent beams (!x≈ 5°～10°and !y≈20°～35°, for example), so it …