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1.
Effect of flexure induced transverse crack and self-healing on chloride diffusivity of reinforced mortar 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mustafa Şahmaran 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(22):9131-9136
Cracks in reinforced concrete are unavoidable. Durability is of increasing concern in the concrete industry, and it is significantly
affected by the presence of cracks. The corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ions in deicing salts or sea-water
is a major cause of premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Although, it is generally recognized that cracks
accelerate the ingress of chlorides in concrete, a lack of consensus on this subject does not yet allow reliable quantification
of their effects. The present work studies the relationship between crack widths and chloride diffusivity. Flexural load was
introduced to generate cracks of width ranging between 29 and 390 μm. As crack width was increased, the effective diffusion
coefficient was also increased, thus reducing the initiation period of corrosion process. For cracks with widths less than
135 μm, the effect of crack widths on the effective diffusion coefficient of mortar was found to be marginal, whereas for
crack widths higher than 135 μm the effective diffusion coefficient increased rapidly. Therefore, the effect of crack width
on chloride penetration was more pronounced when the crack width is higher than 135 μm. Results also indicate that the relation
between the effective diffusion coefficient and crack width was found to be power function. In addition, a significant amount
of self-healing was observed within the cracks with width below 50 μm subjected to NaCl solution exposure. The present research
may provide insight into developing design criteria for a durable concrete and in predicting service life of a concrete structures. 相似文献
2.
Aynur Senol 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2006,193(3):402-416
Liquid-liquid equilibrium data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions are presented for mixtures of [water (1) + formic acid, or acetic acid, or propanoic acid (2) + chlorobenzene, or 1,2-dichloroethane (3)] at T = 293.2 K and P = 101.3 ± 0.7 kPa. A log-basis approach, SERLAS (solvation energy relation for liquid-associated system), has been proposed to estimate the properties and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of associated systems containing proton-donating and -accepting and polar components capable of a physical interaction through hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interaction. The tie lines were also correlated using the UNIFAC-original model. The reliability of the models has been analyzed against the LLE data with respect to the distribution coefficient and separation factor. The proposed model appears to be an improvement in data fit for the ternary systems, yielding a mean relative error of 10.1% for all the systems considered. 相似文献
3.
Jiahui Sun Wenjia Liu Yulong Li Azarmidokht Gholamipour-Shirazi Aynur Abdulla Xianting Ding 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2017,21(7):125
A low-cost, convenient and precise drug combination screening microfluidic platform is developed, in which cell culture chambers designed with micropillars integrate with three laminar flow diffusion channels. This platform has several distinct features, including minimum shear stress on cells, biocompatibility, optimum concentration distribution and automatic combinatorial gradient generation, which can potentially speed up the discovery of an effective drug combination for cancer ablations. The presented device can generate two-drug combination gradients at the optimum flow rate of 90 μL/h and can be applied to identify the optimal combination of two clinically relevant chemotherapy drugs. For demonstration, paclitaxel at 0.77 × 10?3 mg/mL and cisplatin at 0.23 × 10?4 mg/mL were studied against lung cancer cells (A549). This microfluidic device has the potential to provide a precise and robust screening for anticancer combinational drugs practiced in clinics. 相似文献
4.
Consider a supervised learning problem in which examples contain both numerical- and text-valued features. To use traditional feature-vector-based learning methods, one could treat the presence or absence of a word as a Boolean feature and use these binary-valued features together with the numerical features. However, the use of a text-classification system on this is a bit more problematic—in the most straight-forward approach each number would be considered a distinct token and treated as a word. This paper presents an alternative approach for the use of text classification methods for supervised learning problems with numerical-valued features in which the numerical features are converted into bag-of-words features, thereby making them directly usable by text classification methods. We show that even on purely numerical-valued data the results of text classification on the derived text-like representation outperforms the more naive numbers-as-tokens representation and, more importantly, is competitive with mature numerical classification methods such as C4.5, Ripper, and SVM. We further show that on mixed-mode data adding numerical features using our approach can improve performance over not adding those features. 相似文献
5.
Trend Assessment by the Innovative-Şen Method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
İsmail Dabanlı Zekai Şen Mehmet Öner Yeleğen Eyüp Şişman Bülent Selek Yavuz Selim Güçlü 《Water Resources Management》2016,30(14):5193-5203
Hydro-meteorological time series may include trend components mostly due to climate change since about three to four decades. Trend detection and identification in a better and refined manner are among the major current research topics in water resources domain. Even though different methodologies can be found for trend detection in literature, two well-known procedures are the Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and recently innovative-?en trend method, which provides different aspects of the trend. The theoretical basis and application of these two methods are completely different. The MK test gives a holistic monotonic trend without any categorization of the time series into a set of clusters, but the innovative-?en method is based on cluster and provides categorical trend behavior in a given time series. The main purpose of this paper is to provide important differences between these two approaches and their possible similarities. The applications of the two approaches are given for hydro-meteorological records including relative humidity, temperature, precipitation and runoff from Ergene drainage basin in the north-western part of Turkey. It is observed that although MK trend test does not show significant trend almost in all the cases, the innovative-?en approach yields trend categorizations as “very low”, “low”, “medium” “high” and “very high”, which should be taken into consideration in future flood (“very high”) and drought (“very low”) studies. 相似文献
6.
F. İşık M. A. Sabaner Duygu Erboz Taylan Şahinbaş A. Bayri 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2017,30(11):3065-3070
The symmetry of the [FeC17H31N7]2+ novel compound is close to octahedral which has spin crossover properties (SCO). In this study, geometrical optimization, IR vibration frequencies, and HOMO-LUMO energy differences at various temperatures of the compound were calculated by DFT. It is realised that the computed splitting energies and splitting free enthalpies together with the mole fraction of HS state are compatible with the experiment. 相似文献
7.
A comparative study of AISC-360 and EC3 strength limit states 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A study has been undertaken to evaluate the similarities and differences between the steel building design specifications
used in the United States and Europe. Expressions for nominal strength presented in the AISC-360 Specification and the Eurocode
3 Specification were compared for fundamental limit states. In particular, rules for cross-section classification, tension
members, compression members, I-shaped members subjected to flexure, I-shaped members subjected to shear, and fasteners were
studied. Results of the investigation revealed that, in general, both specifications provide nominal capacities that are close
to each other. Significant differences were reported for some limit states such as flexure in I-shaped members with non-compact
flanges, shear and lateral torsional buckling in I-shaped members, and bearing strength at bolt holes. In this paper, the
details of the comparative study are presented along with observations that are useful for practicing engineers. 相似文献
8.
9.
Determination of the energy savings and the optimum insulation thickness in the four different insulated exterior walls 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The optimum insulation thickness of the external wall for four cities from four climate zones of Turkey, energy savings over a lifetime of 10 years and payback periods are calculated for the five different energy types and four different insulation materials applied externally on walls. Extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, nil siding and rock wool as wall insulation material are selected. In this study, the net energy cost savings are calculated using the P1–P2 method. The results show that energy cost savings vary between 4.2 $/m2 and 9.5 $/m2 depending on the city and insulation materials. The highest payback period value with 2.25 years in Mersin found by using natural gas as an energy source for heating, while the lowest value is reached by using LPG as an energy source in Bitlis. 相似文献
10.
Hilal Şahin Ayhan Topuz Monika Pischetsrieder Feramuz Özdemir 《European Food Research and Technology》2009,230(1):155-161
Roasted carob powder was obtained using different time–temperature combinations and some quality characteristics such as total
phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), browning index (BI) at 420 nm, UV absorbance (UV-A) at 294 nm, and
pH has been investigated. Both the roasting temperature and time significantly (P < 0.01) affected the quality characteristics of the product. However, the roasting time was found to be a critical factor
in determining the overall quality of the product. While the TPC, TAA, BI and UV-A values of the samples increased with the
increasing roasting temperature and time, the pH of the samples decreased gradually. The quality characteristics of the carob
powders changed markedly in between 20 and 60 min of roasting which indicates that the heat-induced reactions accelerate particularly
in that period of roasting. The correlations between all these chemical properties of carob powder were found to be significant
(P < 0.0001) during roasting. 相似文献