The photocatalytic activity of cobalt tetrasulphophthalocyanine immobilized onto MCM-41 was investigated for photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous solutions. Immobilization of cobalt tetrasulphophthalocyanine complex to the walls of MCM-41 was performed by pre-anchorage of 3-(aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) onto MCM-41 via post-synthesis method. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray and FT-IR methods were used to characterize the product. Photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared photocatalyst for degradation of 4-CP was tested under illumination of UV-A and visible light. The reaction intermediates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. 相似文献
This paper develops formulas for the condition number of the state estimation problem as a function of the different types and number of measurements. We present empirical results using the IEEE RTS-96 and IEEE 118 bus systems that validate the formulas 相似文献
In this article, the effect of one well-known inhibitor namely palmitic acid is investigated on particle size distribution of asphaltenes by imaging techniques. Pure asphaltene is extracted from crude oil to prepare Heptol (n-heptane+toluene) solutions of suspended asphaltenes. Different concentrations of inhibitors are then added to the solution. Afterward, image analysis of microscopic photos is used to determine the particle size distribution of asphaltene flocs in the presence of inhibitors. Average particle size of asphaltene and fractal structure of aggregates are also investigated; results show that the compaction of asphaltenes flocs is correlated with concentration of inhibitor. However, no significant relationship was observed between surface roughness of flocs and inhibitor concentration. 相似文献
This paper presents an application of a parallel algorithm to power systems state estimation. The authors apply the auxiliary problem principle to develop a distributed state estimator, demonstrating its performance on the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) systems 相似文献
In this paper, a new non-intrusive driver drowsiness detection method is introduced based on respiration analysis using facial thermal imaging. Drowsiness is the cause of many driving accidents all over the world. Drivers’ respiration system undergoes significant changes from wakefulness to drowsiness and can be used to detect drowsiness. Current respiration measurement methods are intrusive and uncomfortable making respiration the least measured vital sign during driving. In this paper, a new method is presented based on facial thermal imaging to analyze drivers’ respiration signal non-intrusively. Thirty subjects are tested in a car simulator. They are fully awake at the beginning and experience drowsiness during the tests. The mean and the standard deviation of the respiration rate and the inspiration-to-expiration time ratio are extracted from the subjects’ respiration signal. To detect drowsiness, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers are used. The Observer Rating of Drowsiness method is used for scoring the drowsiness level and validating the proposed method. The performance and the results of both methods are presented and compared. The results indicate that drowsiness can be detected with the accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 85%, and precision of 91%.
The phase performance of hydrocarbons is a very complicated behavior that hydrocarbons show at the time of phase change or when they remain in a particular phase. Process design is almost impossible without a good understanding of this behavior. Artificial Neural Networks have been widely utilized for engineering applications during the last two decades. Two models are presented for the prediction of the bubble point pressure and the oil formation volume factor for hydrocarbon mixtures using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) approach. For this purpose, five‐layer neural networks were designed and trained using 106 experimental data points. After the training step, 9 experimental data points were also used for the model evaluation step and as a reliability check. The output of the models for both the training and predicted data are compared with the empirical equations of Standing, Glaso and Marhoun. It is concluded that the ANNs approach has an excellent capability for these purposes compared to the conventional methods. 相似文献
This study presents a developed successive Boundary Element Method to determine the symmetric and antisymmetric sloshing natural frequencies and mode shapes for multi baffled axisymmetric containers with arbitrary geometries. The developed fluid model is based on the Laplace equation and Green's theorem. The governing equations of fluid dynamic and free surface boundary condition are also applied to proposed model. A zoning method is presented to model arbitrary arrangement of baffles in multi baffled axisymmetric tanks. The influence of each zone on neighboring zones is applied by introducing interface influence matrix which correlates the velocity potential of interfaces to their flux. By discretizing the flow boundaries, the integral equation governed on the boundary is formulated into a general matrix eigenvalue problem. The proposed method has a considerable effect on decreasing computational cost and a good accuracy in determining the sloshing natural frequencies. The obtained results for different types of container based on the application of the presented study are validated in comparison with the literature and very good agreement is achieved. Finally, the effect of baffle parameters on the sloshing natural frequencies was investigated and some conclusions are outlined. 相似文献
In this study, the antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its potential effect on the chemical and microbiological stability of traditional butter was investigated. The PPE having total phenol content of 327.48 ± 1.43 mg gallic acid equivalent/g showed significantly greater (64.34 ± 0.32%) radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxy toluene. Butter treated with PPE had significantly lower levels of peroxide value, free fatty acids, Totox, Schaal value and microbial population. The work concluded that PPE could be an excellent natural source of antimicrobial and antioxidant substances, which can be used for traditional butter preservation. 相似文献
Water Resources Management - Due to the time and spatial limitations of subsurface drainage pilots, simulation models have been extensively applied for evaluating these systems. Since the accuracy... 相似文献