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Trends in Hydrological Parameters of a Southern Brazilian Watershed and its Relation to Human Induced Changes 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Moraes Jorge M. Pellegrino Giampaolo Q. Ballester Maria V. Martinelli Luiz A. Victoria Reynaldo L. Krusche Alex V. 《Water Resources Management》1998,12(4):295-311
The Piracicaba river basin is a subtropical watershed located in the southeastern region of Brazil. With an area of 12 400 km2, the basin is a typical example of new landscape resulting from development in tropical and sub-tropical regions: establishment of intensive industrial and agricultural processes were followed by significant population growth and water management. This scenario has led to significant increase in water demand and decrease in water quality. The main objective of this study is the detection of changes in the patterns of flow and precipitation in the basin, and its possible relation to man-induced changes. Statistical analyses were performed on records of precipitation, evapotranspiration and streamflow, from 1947 to 1991. Precipitation and evapotranspiration totals showed significant increasing trends for the entire basin. From eight streamflow gauge stations, half showed significant decreasing trend. The most probable cause of such trends is the export of water from the basin to the metropolitan region of São Paulo city. 相似文献
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Charles A. White John F. Kennedy Anna Lombard Valeria Rossetti 《Polymer International》1985,17(4):327-329
The oligosaccharide component compositions of a series of non-reducing oligosaccharides extracted from the roots of Arnica montana L. has been determined by gel permeation chromatography (g.p.c.). The range of oligosaccharides present was found to extend beyond the octasaccharide previously reported. with 16% to 19% of the oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerisation of between 11 and 19 and almost 3% having a degree of polymerisation greater than 20. The chromatographic behaviour of this series of oligosaccharides is compared with that observed for series of D-gluco-oligosaccharides. 相似文献
5.
A kinetic analysis of the isothermal nitridation of high-purity oxide-free silicon powder is described. The kinetic analysis suggests that the and polymorphs of Si3N4 are formed by separate and parallel reaction paths. This analysis provides for the decoupling and quantitative kinetic interpretation of- and-Si3N4 formation reactions. Consistent with existing microstructural and thermodynamic evidence, the-forming reaction is shown to obey a first-order rate law, whereas a phase-boundary controlled rate law describes the-forming reaction. A kinetic model employing these rate laws is developed and is used to predict the/ phase ratio as a function of isothermal reaction temperature and extent of reaction. The/ phase ratios so obtained are shown to be in good agreement with experimental observations made under a variety of reaction conditions. 相似文献
6.
Rosa Maria Paragliola Andrea Corsello Giampaolo Papi Alfredo Pontecorvi Salvatore Maria Corsello 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
The most known effects of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome are the phenotypic changes and metabolic consequences. However, hypercortisolism can exert important effects on other endocrine axes. The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis activity can be impaired by the inappropriate cortisol secretion, which determinates the clinical and biochemical features of the “central hypothyroidism”. These findings have been confirmed by several clinical studies, which also showed that the cure of hypercortisolism can determine the recovery of normal hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis activity. During active Cushing’s syndrome, the “immunological tolerance” guaranteed by the hypercortisolism can mask, in predisposed patients, the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which increases in prevalence after the resolution of hypercortisolism. However, the immunological mechanism is not the only factor that contributes to this phenomenon, which probably includes also deiodinase-impaired activity. Cushing’s syndrome can also have an indirect impact on thyroid function, considering that some drugs used for the medical control of hypercortisolism are associated with alterations in the thyroid function test. These considerations suggest the utility to check the thyroid function in Cushing’s syndrome patients, both during the active disease and after its remission. 相似文献
7.
Giampaolo Bella 《International Journal of Information Security》2010,9(2):83-97
Conformity to prudent design principles is an established approach to protocol correctness although it is not free of limitations.
We term goal availability a design principle that is often implicitly followed, prescribing protocols to aim at principal-centric goals. Adherence
to a design principle is normally established through protocol analysis that is an evaluation of whether a protocol achieves
its goals. However, the literature shows that there exists no clear guidance on how to conduct and interpret such an analysis,
a process that is only left to the analyzer’s skill and experience. Goal availability has the desirable feature that its supporting
protocol analysis can be precisely guided by what becomes a principle of realistic analysis, which we call guarantee availability. It prescribes that the outcome of the analysis, which is the set of guarantees confirming the protocol goals, be practically
applicable by the protocol participants. In consequence, the guarantees must be based on assumptions that the principals have
the capacity to verify. Our focus then turns entirely to protocol analysis, because an analysis conforming to guarantee availability
signifies that the analyzed protocol conforms to goal availability. Existing analysis of (both classical and deployed) protocols
has been reconsidered with the aim of studying their conformity to guarantee availability. Some experiments clarify the relationships
between goal availability and the existing design principles, with particular reference to explicitness. Other experiments
demonstrate that boosting an analysis with guarantee availability generally makes it deeper, unveiling additional protocol
niceties that depending on the analyzer’s skills may remain overseen otherwise. In particular, an established claim about
a protocol (made using a well-known formal method) can be subverted. 相似文献
8.
Giovanni Garcea Giampaolo Armentano Salvatore Petrolo Raffaele Casciaro 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2005,63(8):1174-1202
In the present paper, the formulation proposed by Casciaro and Garcea (Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 2002; 191 :5761–5792) and applied to the shakedown analysis of plane frames, is extended to the analysis of two‐dimensional flat structures in both the cases of plane‐stress and plane‐strain. The discrete formulation is obtained using a mixed finite element in which both stress and displacement fields are interpolated. The material is assumed to be elasto‐plastic and a linearization of the elastic domain is performed. The result is a versatile iterative scheme well suited to implementation in general purpose FEM codes. An extensive series of numerical tests is presented showing the reliability of the proposed formulation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Vanessa Migliorini Urban Ana Lucia Machado Carlos Eduardo Vergani Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo Ana Cláudia Pavarina Quezia Bezerra Cass 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2012,123(2):732-739
The effect of a post‐polymerization treatment on the leaching of methacrylic acid (MA) and benzoic acid (BA) from the reline resins [Kooliner (K), New Truliner (N), Ufi Gel hard (U), and Tokuso Rebase Fast (T)] was evaluated. Specimens of each material were divided into two groups: Group C (control) – left untreated; Group WB (water‐bath) – immersion in water at 55 ± 1°C for 10 min. Specimens were placed in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C and, after 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 24‐h and 3‐, 7‐, 14‐, and 30‐day intervals, aliquots were removed and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = 0.05). At 1 h, the concentration of MA released from U control specimens was higher than those of the other ones, and decreased after 3 h. WB specimens released lower amounts of MA than control specimens only for material U, at the 1‐ and 3‐h periods. For all control specimens, concentrations of leached BA progressively decreased within 5 h and from 24 h to the end. WB specimens released significantly lower amounts of BA than did the control groups. The highest concentration of MA was leached from control specimens of Ufi Gel hard. Water‐bath post‐polymerization treatment caused a significant reduction in elution of BA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
10.
Hajnalka Laura Plinks Lrinc Pongor Mt Balajti dm Nagy Kinga Nagy Angla Bksi Giampaolo Bianchini Beta G. Vrtessy Balzs Gyrffy 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(2)
The clonal composition of a malignant tumor strongly depends on cellular dynamics influenced by the asynchronized loss of DNA repair mechanisms. Here, our aim was to identify founder mutations leading to subsequent boosts in mutation load. The overall mutation burden in 591 colorectal cancer tumors was analyzed, including the mutation status of DNA-repair genes. The number of mutations was first determined across all patients and the proportion of genes having mutation in each percentile was ranked. Early mutations in DNA repair genes preceding a mutational expansion were designated as founder mutations. Survival analysis for gene expression was performed using microarray data with available relapse-free survival. Of the 180 genes involved in DNA repair, the top five founder mutations were in PRKDC (n = 31), ATM (n = 26), POLE (n = 18), SRCAP (n = 18), and BRCA2 (n = 15). PRKDC expression was 6.4-fold higher in tumors compared to normal samples, and higher expression led to longer relapse-free survival in 1211 patients (HR = 0.72, p = 4.4 × 10−3). In an experimental setting, the mutational load resulting from UV radiation combined with inhibition of PRKDC was analyzed. Upon treatments, the mutational load exposed a significant two-fold increase. Our results suggest PRKDC as a new key gene driving tumor heterogeneity. 相似文献