MODELING OF WATER DYNAMICS AND POLLUTANT SPREADING IN THE LUOMAHU RESERVOIR FOR WATER TRANSFER FORM SOUTH TO NORTH OF CHINA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷａｔｅｒＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒＦｒｏｍＳｏｕｔｈＴｏＮｏｒｔｈＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ(ＷＴＦＳＴＮＰ)ｉｓａｇｒｅａｔｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｔｏｓｏｌｖｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｗａｔｅｒｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈａｎｄｃｅｎｔｒａｌｐａｒｔｓｏｆＣｈｉ ｎａ .Ｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇＥａｓｔ ,Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ ａｎｄＷｅｓｔ Ｌｉｎｅ ,ｗｉｌｌｄｒａｗｗａｔｅｒｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｔｏｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈａｎｄｃｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＣｈｉｎａｓｏｔｈａ…     

Diffraction coefficients related to cylindrically curved soft-hard surfaces

An asymptotic solution to the problem of the diffraction of high-frequency waves by the edge of a cylindrically curved surface whose convex and concave faces present soft and hard boundary conditions is obtained. The results permit us to define new diffraction coefficients related to this kind of mixed boundary conditions. When the radius of the curvature becomes infinitely large, the edgediffraction coefficient reduces to this known for the softhard half-plane.     

S-N-P curves in 7075 T7351 and 2024 T3 aluminium alloys subjected to surface treatments

The S-N-P (stress, number of cycles, failure probability) curves for 2024 T3 and 7075 T7351 aluminium alloys were obtained. Previously, surface treatments of degreasing and different types of anodizing were applied to samples, evaluating the influence of these treatments on the fatigue life of the alloys. The determination of the S-N-P curves was done using Maennig's method. Rotary fatigue was used because this technique produces greater stress on the sample surfaces, the zone in which it is important to evaluate fatigue resistance. Both the transition range and the finite life range were evaluated, calculating the 1, 50 and 99% fracture probability. SEM was performed in order to characterize the fracture micromechanism. The conclusions were that Maennig's method is useful to evaluate fatigue life of these materials in a fast and efficient manner. Moreover, surface treatments produce a decrease in the fatigue life of both alloys, associating this effect with the surface damage produced on each sample during the treatment.     

Rectus abdominis muscle flap (RAMF) technique for the management of bladder exstrophies: late clinical outcome and urodynamic findings

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the rectus abdominis muscle flap (RAMF) technique for the closure and augmentation of small, non-compliant bladder exstrophies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The RAMF technique was used in two girls and two boys (mean age at operation, 31.7 months, range 3-72) with bladder exstrophy. The clinical outcome and urodynamics were assessed during a follow-up of 29 months to 6 years (mean 49.2 months) and included imaging, cystoscopy, biochemical and microbiological studies. RESULTS: There were no urinary tract infections, metabolic problems or electrolyte disturbances and kidney function remained normal in all patients. Radiography confirmed intact function and anatomy of the urinary tract and cystoscopy showed complete coverage of the inner peritoneal layer of RAMF with uroepithelium. No stone formation or mucus production were detected. Currently, three patients void using clean intermittent catheterization through the native urethra and the fourth through an appendiceal Mitrofanoff valve. However, the bladder volume was insufficient at the late follow-up and three patients required bladder augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: The RAMF technique is a good alternative for closing bladder exstrophies and achieves an increase in bladder capacity; however, although there is a mild improvement in bladder capacity and compliance. RAMF should not be used as a bladder augmentation procedure. The technique is indicated in the closure of large bladder defects, bladder exstrophies with small, inelastic, non-compliant bladder remnants and failed primary closures.     

A genetic model for undifferentiated cell tumor formation: similar tumors formed by different cell lines transformed by the E1A oncogene

The activation of oncogenes and the mutation/deletion of suppressor genes may be involved in tumor heterogeneity. In an attempt to study tumor heterogeneity, we transformed cell lines from epithelial (PAM 212), mesenchymal (NIH-3T3), or melanocytic origin (L-BIOBR) with the wild type E1a oncogene. To make the cell lines tumorigenic, cells were infected with Harvey sarcoma virus carrying the v-H-ras oncogene. The transformed cells were injected into nude mice and the tumors studied by optical and electron microscopy. The tumors formed by v-H-ras-transformed cells consisted of epitheliod melanomas, spindle cells sarcomas and poorly-differentiated carcinomas, depending on the cell of origin. In contrast, the tumors obtained from cells also carrying the E1a oncogene showed a predominant small and undifferentiated cell pattern regardless of the cell of origin. We conclude that the E1a oncogene products induce a negative control of differentiation, independent of the cell type, and that tumors formed by cells carrying the E1a oncogene display an undifferentiated cell pattern.     

THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF WATER IN DEPRESSION TANK

This paper presents the data of tensile strength of water in depression tank whichwere measured by small venturi during cavitation investigation of a series of real project models.These measurements show that in depression tank water has slight tensile strength in case of highvacuum.But it influences the incipient cavitation number.In tests we also studied the influenceof tensile strength on scale effect of cavitation models.     

Preparation of flat-polished specimens for SEM-backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis—importance of epoxy impregnation

Representative and quantitative microstructural information of cement-based materials can be obtained in the backscattered electron and X-ray modes of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). One prerequisite, of several, is to use flat specimens. Microstructures that are minimally affected by the grinding and polishing necessary to produce the flat surface can be obtained. It is essential to fill the pores of the specimen with epoxy resin prior to grinding and polishing. After hardening, the epoxy stabilizes the microstructure and enables it to withstand the stresses of grinding and polishing without alteration. In the present paper, we describe a preparation technique that we consider to have produced excellent polished specimens. The importance of epoxy impregnation is demonstrated.     

Chronically Elevated Exogenous Glucose Elicits Antipodal Effects on the Proteome Signature of Differentiating Human iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors

The past decade revealed that cell identity changes, such as dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation, accompany the insulin-producing β-cell decay in most diabetes conditions. Mapping and controlling the mechanisms governing these processes is, thus, extremely valuable for managing the disease progression. Extracellular glucose is known to influence cell identity by impacting the redox balance. Here, we use global proteomics and pathway analysis to map the response of differentiating human pancreatic progenitors to chronically increased in vitro glucose levels. We show that exogenous high glucose levels impact different protein subsets in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, regardless of concentration, glucose elicits an antipodal effect on the proteome landscape, inducing both beneficial and detrimental changes in regard to achieving the desired islet cell fingerprint. Furthermore, we identified that only a subgroup of these effects and pathways are regulated by changes in redox balance. Our study highlights a complex effect of exogenous glucose on differentiating pancreas progenitors characterized by a distinct proteome signature.