Transformation of a mealy finite-state machine into a moore finite-state machine by splitting internal states

The problem of transformation of a Mealy finite-state machine (FSM) into an equivalent Moore FSM is considered. This problem often arises in the practice of engineering design, when one needs to avoid direct dependence of the output values on variations in the input values. The proposed approach uses the operation of splitting of internal states of an FSM and represents the machine as a list of transitions. Experiment results have shown that transformation of Mealy FSM into Moore FSM increases the number of internal states, on the average, by a factor of 1.96 and increases the number of transitions by a factor of 2.05; the cost of realization of Moore FSM using an industrial software package is approximately twice as great as the corresponding cost for a Mealy machine. The up-to-date tendencies of development of minimization methods and Moore FSM synthesis are described.     

Graphene-based biosensors

Results of developing and testing graphene-based sensors capable of detecting protein molecules are presented. The biosensor operation was checked using an immunochemical system comprising fluorescein dye and monoclonal antifluorescein antibodies. The sensor detects fluorescein concentration on a level of 1–10 ng/mL and bovine serum albumin–fluorescein conjugate on a level of 1–5 ng/mL. The proposed device has good prospects for use for early diagnostics of various diseases.     

Relationship of gas phase mass transfer to thermal conductivity of refractories

The problem of change in thermal resistance of pores and microcracks in refractories with occurrence of heterogeneous reactions and formation of gas with diffusion product transfer in the temperature gradient field is analyzed.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 452–455, March, 1978.     

Hydraulic and ice-temperature investigations of water-development works under the B. E. Vedeneev All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering (VNIIG im. B. E. Vedeneeva)

This paper is devoted to development of hydraulic and ice-temperature studies from the founding date of the institute to the present. Principle scientific business trends, which are based on the design, construction, and operation of large-scale hydroprojects in the country, are noted.     

Use of multilayer structures and composite materials for reconstructing the runner pits of turbine-generator units

Power Technology and Engineering -     

Assessment of the parameters of the growth kinetics of an experimental tumor

A model of the Markov stochastic reproduction and death process is studied as applied to the analysis of time intervals necessary for the experimental tumours to achieve the fixed size. The analysis results have shown nonstationarity of the tumour growth processes during early stages of the tumour development. The presence of such a nonstationarity makes the experimental data interpretation difficult when applying the traditional approach to the tumour cell population kinetics.     

Contribution of segregation and diffusion to refractory-material heat conduction

The relation of segregation and diffusion in the solid phase with refractory-material heat conduction is shown.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 908–911, November, 1978.     

Distribution of toxic elements in the products of the extraction of bitumens from coal and peat

The effect of bitumen extraction conditions on the behavior of a number of toxic trace elements (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb) in solid fossil fuel samples was studied. It was found that the capacity of fossil fuels to concentrate trace elements can be monitored and the type of compound can be determined based on the dimensionless quantities of carbophilicity and concentration factors of the trace elements in coal and peat. The types of compounds in fossil fuels were found and graphically represented for the test trace elements.     

A method for minimizing Moore finite-state machines by merging two states

The problem of minimization of Moore finite-state machines (FSMs) is considered. This problem often arises in designing digital devices based on programmable logic devices. The proposed approach uses the operation of merging of two states of an FSM and the representation of the FSM as a list of transitions. Conditions guaranteeing the identical operation and deterministic behavior of the transformed FSM obtained by merging two states are given. The cases when wait states can emerge are also discussed. Algorithms for minimizing the number of internal states, transition paths, and the number input variables of Moore FSMs are described. Experimental results have shown that the proposed approach reduces the number of internal states by 6% on the average and sometimes by a factor of 1.86; the number of transitions is reduced by 20% on the average and sometimes by a factor of 2.83. The use of the proposed method in combination with the STAMINA computer program reduces the number of internal states by 16% on the average and sometimes by a factor of 2.17; the number of transitions is reduced by 41% on the average and sometimes by a factor of 7.97. In conclusion, important directions of research concerning the minimization of FSMs are discussed.     

Contribution of crystalline lattice defects to thermal conductivity of porous materials

The relationship of pore thermal resistance and effective thermal conductivity of porous media to the processes of crystalline lattice defect formation and motion is demonstrated.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 965–969, June, 1983.