Changes in the content and antioxidative activity of β-carotene and its metabolite vitamin A during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and optimisation of HPLC-based detection

The β-Carotene (BC), an important precursor of vitamin A (VA), possesses antioxidant activity but is fat-soluble and has low bioavailability. In previous in-vitro assays evaluating antioxidant and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) free radical scavenging, both BC and VA showed a strong ability to scavenge radicals and protected cells from oxidative stress. Here, we used artificially simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell absorption models to evaluate the bioavailability of the BC during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We observed high absorptive and transfer rates of BC and detected retinol metabolites (Vitamin A). Therefore, BC can be detected in the acidic gastrointestinal environment using HPLC. Optimised method provided better separation of BC and VA in the column, improving the accuracy of the test results.     

板栗加工副产物抑菌作用的研究进展

板栗加工过程易产生诸如板栗壳、板栗花、板栗总苞、板栗 次果及次品等副产物,大量资源常被当作废弃物丢弃,未得到有效利用, 开发的产品较少,造成资源浪费。近年来,有关板栗加工副产物的研究得 到关注,板栗中存在的多种天然活性成分相继被报道,其中具有抑菌作用 的成分占比较高。因此,该研究综述了板栗加工副产物含有的抑菌成分 及其作用机理,以期为板栗加工副产物在抑菌材料方面的应用提供一定 的参考。     

兜唇石斛发酵多肽Asp-Asp-Asp-Tyr和Asp-Tyr- Asp-Asp对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞的抗炎作用

为了研究兜唇石斛发酵多肽Asp-Asp-Asp-Tyr（DDDY）、Asp-Tyr-Asp-Asp（DYDD）对LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞抗炎活性。以合成的兜唇石斛发酵多肽为研究对象,采用噻唑蓝法筛选增殖活性最高的发酵多肽浓度,通过中性红吞噬实验和倒置显微镜观察发酵多肽对细胞的吞噬作用和分化形态变化,使用ELISA试剂盒测定细胞中NO及细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α的分泌量。结果表明：12.5、25、50和100 μg/mL四组质量浓度的发酵多肽对细胞无毒性并有增殖作用;100 μg/mL的DDDY和DYDD和1 μg/mL的LPS处理可以激活细胞,增强细胞吞噬能力,相对吞噬率为2.05%、1.97%和2.19%;构建LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,发现两种发酵多肽处理有效抑制细胞分化,使细胞恢复正常形态;抑制细胞NO分泌能力,100 μg/mL DDDY和DYDD处理组的NO分泌能力降低到LPS组的0.41倍和0.49倍;并且对抑炎细胞因子分泌能力的提高和促炎细胞因子的降低有显著效果,均表现出剂量反应关系。由此可知,DDDY和DYDD对LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应具有抗炎作用,为后面探究发酵多肽的炎症机制提供理论支持。     

食品危害物重组抗体的亲和力提升策略研究进展

重组抗体作为新一代基因工程抗体,以其结构简单、易表达和修饰改造等特点被广泛应用于食品危害物的免疫快速检测。然而,重组抗体制备技术的非定向性和非精准性导致抗体的亲和力不高,严重影响并限制了重组抗体的应用,因此,当前研究亟需提升重组抗体亲和力。本文概述食品危害物重组抗体的制备技术,分别从重组抗体突变进化、突变库筛选、常规多价抗体制备、抗体融合蛋白的自组装等方面阐述重组抗体的亲和力提升策略,并探讨该领域目前的技术瓶颈和发展方向。     

Study of aroma compound formations and transformations during Jinxuan and Qingxin oolong tea processing

We characterised the formation and dynamic changes in the main aroma compounds produced during the manufacturing process of Jinxuan and Qingxin oolong tea. Thirty-five aroma compounds were investigated. Subsequent principal component and cluster analyses showed that the fresh leaves, spread leaves and rocked leaves of the two varieties of tea were distinguished from each other. Particularly, the aldehyde and ‘other’ compounds showed the highest correlation coefficients (0.71 and −0.70) among the principal. The heat map showed that the proportions of acetic acid, 3-methylbutanal and 2-methylbutanal significantly changed during the manufacturing process of the two tea varieties. The key amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine and aspartic acid) and enzymes (branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) involved in the synthesis of 3-methylbutanal and 2-methylbutanal differed between the two varieties during manufacture. Our study reveals the characteristics of different varieties of oolong tea and their aroma formation after manufacture using the same process.     

Effects of methyl cellulose-based coating on physiochemical properties and chemical hazards of Chinese fried dough cake during storage

Coating has been used as a practical method to ensure the physiochemical properties and reduce the chemical hazard of fried foods. Methyl cellulose (MC) was used as a coating material to pretreat Chinese fried dough cake (CFDC) before frying. The results showed that the water content, hardness and L* value of the 1% MC coated sample were 31.67%, 848.54 g and 51.62, respectively, at the seventh day at 25 °C. Coating contents 1% MC could reduce the oil content, hardness, and extent of browning and improve the physiochemical properties of CFDC on 7 days of storage. Coating contents 1% MC also reduced the acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, malondialdehyde content, 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-hexenal content, 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal content, acrylamide content and glycidyl ester content in CFDC on 7 days of storage. Our work contributes to the control of the oil content and chemical hazards for fried food during storage by applying an edible coating.     

含竹叶黄酮化妆品的研制

竹叶提取物是中国新开发的一种植物类黄酮制剂,具有优良的抗自由基、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗菌、抗病毒及保护心脑血管,能清除人体内活性氧化自由基防止生物膜脂质被超氧自由基和羟基自由基氧化,而且不含任何有害成分和抗营养因子,对人体无毒、副作用,具有极大的安全性,结构稳定,不易被降解。竹叶黄酮可用于清洁皮肤,帮助抗老化,是天然的抗氧化剂,可作为新型护肤因子,添加至美白、祛斑、抗皱等高端护肤品中,具有极大的市场潜力。对提取竹叶黄酮常用的三种方法：冷浸提取法、索氏提取法和超声波提取法各自的特点进行了分析;对分离纯化的四种方法进行实验,并以芦丁作为标样,绘制工作曲线方程,测定竹叶黄酮含量。其中,采用索氏提取法提取率达1．08％。制备了含有竹叶黄酮的无纺布面膜和凝胶面膜,经使用比较发现,无纺布面膜使用后美白、抗衰老的效果比凝胶面膜好,具有一定的市场应用价值。     

A carbon-free LiFePO4 cathode material of high-rate capability prepared by a mechanical activation method

A carbon-free LiFePO₄ cathode material for lithium-ion battery has been synthesized by a mechanical activation method. High electron conductive iron phosphides (Fe₂P/FeP) are in situ introduced into the products during the calcination process in order to improve the high rate capability of the LiFePO₄ materials. The amount of the iron phosphides is adjusted by the calcination time. The study of the structure and electrochemical performance of the LiFePO₄ products shows that the calcination time imposes minor effect on the size and shape of the LiFePO₄ particles, but varies the phase structure, crystallinity and finally the electrochemical performance of the LiFePO₄ products as a consequence. The content of Fe₂P/FeP increases gradually with the calcination time. Suitable amount of Fe₂P/FeP and good crystallinity play effective role in improving the high-rate capability of the carbon-free LiFePO₄ material. Specific discharge capacities over 110 mAh/g at 5 C and 100 mAh/g at 10 C are obtained for the LiFePO₄ material containing 4-5 wt.% Fe₂P/FeP.     

植物油中不饱和醛作为特征氧化指标的适用性

丙二醛(MDA)、4-羟基-2-壬烯醛(HNE)和4-羟基-2-己烯醛(HHE)是3种典型的非挥发性醛类物质,具有基因毒性,与多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的氧化密切相关,在植物油和油基食品中普遍存在。目前关于其生成及与油脂品质相关性的研究较少。本文以我国常见的5种市售植物油为研究对象,借助Schaal加速氧化法探究植物油在模拟储藏过程中MDA、HHE和HNE的生成规律,并结合化学计量学方法探究三者作为评价油脂氧化指标的适用范围。结果表明:60 ℃贮藏30 d,3种醛的含量逐渐增加,不同植物油中其生成规律和分布规律差异显著(P < 0.05)。在受试植物油中均检测到MDA、HNE,亚麻油(LO)中MDA含量最高【(3.34±0.06)μg/g】,玉米油(CO)、菜籽油(RO)和LO中生成较多的HNE,含量分别为(3.70±0.08),(1.60±0.04)μg/g和(1.91±0.06)μg/g。HHE仅在RO和LO中检出,LO中HHE的含量最高【(4.46±0.07) μg/g】。利用主成分分析研究3种醛与传统氧化指标的相关性,结果表明:在PUFA含量较低的油脂中,MDA含量与氧化指标的相关性较差,而HNE和HHE与各氧化指标相关性高,可作为油脂氧化新的评价指标。     

Formation of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-nonenal during deep-frying of potato sticks and chicken breast meat in vegetable oils

The present work investigated the formation of three toxic aldehydes, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-hexenal (HHE) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE), during deep-frying of different foods in corn oil (CO), rapeseed oil (RO) and linseed oil (LO). Besides, their contents in French fries (FF) and fried chicken breast meat (FCBM) were also explored. Results showed that the MDA/HHE/HNE levels in frying groups were all lower than those in control, indicating the incorporation into the fried foods. Apart from the different levels, MDA/HHE/HNE in FF and FCBM possessed similar variation tendencies, revealing the matrix-mediated distribution. The combined exposure assessment based on the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) levels was conducted, and risks of exceeding the limitation values (1.5 μg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹) for HNE in CO and HHE in LO were exhibited. The consumption of both FF and FCBM should be regulated, considering the levels of MDA, HHE and HNE these fried foods may contain.