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排序方式: 共有486条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Michael H. Dickey Molly McLure Wasko Katherine M. Chudoba Jason Bennett Thatcher 《Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication》2006,12(1):66-87
This article illustrates how the hermeneutic analysis of text illuminates how shared understandings affect our interpretations of lean communication in distributed work environments. It is proposed that in contrast to the pessimistic conclusions of media richness theory that lean communication channels cannot support complex or equivocal work tasks, miscommunications are not the result of technology, but rather occur due to a lack of shared understandings among the individuals communicating. An illustrative case study based on fieldwork in franchise organizations is presented to demonstrate the possibilities for how the hermeneutic analysis of coherence, invention, intention, and reference can be used to discover how workers create and recreate shared understandings through text. 相似文献
3.
4.
Scale-up and control of droplet production in coupled microfluidic flow-focusing geometries 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A single microfluidic chip consisting of six microfluidic flow-focusing devices operating in parallel was developed to investigate the feasibility of scaling microfluidic droplet generation up to production rates of hundreds of milliliters per hour. The design utilizes a single inlet channel for both the dispersed aqueous phase and the continuous oil phase from which the fluids were distributed to all six flow-focusing devices. The exit tubing for each of the six flow-focusing devices is separate and individually plumbed to each device. Within each flow-focusing device, the droplet size was monodisperse, but some droplet size variations were observed across devices. We show that by modifying the flow resistance in the outlet channel of an individual flow-focusing device it is possible to control both the droplet size and frequency of droplet production. This can be achieved through the use of valves or, as is done in this study, by changing the length of the exit tubing plumbed to the outlet of the each device. Longer exit tubing and larger flow resistance is found to lead to larger droplets and higher production frequencies. The devices can thus be individually tuned to create a monodisperse emulsion or an emulsion with a specific drop size distribution. 相似文献
5.
In the present investigation it has been shown exemplarily for an austenite microstructure containing carbonitrides that the specific restraining force of a grain boundary due to the distribution of precipitates can be described by a modified Orowan's law, so that the grain boundary movement is considered to be analogous to the dislocation movement. This is achieved by using a modified restraining force Fr (corresponding to the cubic geometry of the particles), a detailed thermodynamic analysis of the precipitates (in this case, carbonitrides) and selected relation for the interparticle spacing La. The specific restraining force and the interparticle spacing depend on temperature within the austenite range. Each temperature is attached to a couple (Fr/La). The plot Fr against shows straight lines for each steel and from their average slope, a shear module G' of grain boundaries, which is about 64300 N·cm?2, is obtained. Hence, it is possible to describe the specific restraining force of a grain boundary with the help of Orowan's law or as it is conventionally done by using Zener's modell. At a critical temperature T*, which is different for each steel, the specific restraining force is equal to the driving force of the grain boundary. The corresponding values of La are also different for each steel and the steel which is the most resistant to grain coarsening is allowed to have the greatest value of La which still retains the capacity of impeding grain coarsening. 相似文献
6.
Hyoun Woo Kim Kwang-sik Kim Woon-suk Hwang Rafael Reif 《Metals and Materials International》2002,8(5):463-467
We investigated the effect of the rinsing and drying technique on the oxygen and carbon concentration on a silicon surface.
Rinsing in deionized water increased the interfacial oxygen concentration and helped generate defects. Blow-drying was more
efficient than spin-drying in reducing interfacial oxygen concentration. Exposure to the atmosphere was detrimental to obtaining
high crystallinity in the epitaxial layer. We evaluated the effectiveness of the cleaning process by observing the grown epilayer
and the epilayer/substrate interface. 相似文献
7.
Metallographic investigation of TiC nucleants in the newly developed Al-Ti-C grain refiner 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
For grain refinement of aluminium and its alloys, a new aluminium-based master alloy containing TiC nucleants was developed a few years ago, by reacting carbon with Al-Ti binary alloy melt. However, as the melt was held at the usual melting temperatures of below 1273 K, the resultant master alloy lost its grain-refining efficiency, and so this phenomenon was called the poisoning effect. Nevertheless, a superheating treatment of the melt at higher temperatures (> 1523 K) rejuvenated the nucleant particles. The present investigation, dealing with electron diffraction of carbide particles extracted from the poisoned master alloy, revealed massive formation of Al4C3 and Ti3AlC, of which Al4C3 appears to account for the poisoning of TiC nucleants. On the other hand, subsequent electron diffraction studies on the rejuvenated nucleants confirmed that they were essentially composed of uncontaminated TiC. 相似文献
8.
Molly S. Bazilchuk Takashi Sumigawa Takayuki Kitamura Zhiliang Zhang Helge Kristiansen Jianying He 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(7)
9.
In interactive theorem proving practice a significant amount of time is spent on unsuccessful proof attempts of wrong conjectures.
An automatic method that reveals them by generating finite counter examples would offer an extremely valuable support for
a proof engineer by saving his time and effort. In practice, such counter examples tend to be small, so usually there is no
need to search for big instances. Most definitions of functions or predicates on infinite structures do not preserve the semantics
if a transition to arbitrary finite substructures is made. We propose constraints which guarantee a correct axiomatization
on finite structures and present an approach which uses the Alloy Analyzer to generate finite instances of theories in the
theorem prover KIV. It is evaluated on the library of basic data types as well as on some challenging case studies in KIV.
The technique is implemented using the Kodkod constraint solver which is a successor of Alloy. 相似文献
10.
The provision of online public goods: Examining social structure in an electronic network of practice 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Electronic networks of practice are computer-mediated social spaces where individuals working on similar problems self-organize to help each other and share knowledge, advice, and perspectives about their occupational practice or common interests. These interactions occur through message postings to produce an on-line public good of knowledge, where all participants in the network can then access this knowledge, regardless of their active participation in the network. Using theories and concepts of collective action and public goods, five hypotheses are developed regarding the structural and social characteristics that support the online provision and maintenance of knowledge in an electronic network of practice. Using social network analysis, we examine the structure of message contributions that produce and sustain the public good. We then combine the results from network analysis with survey results to examine the underlying pattern of exchange, the role of the critical mass, the quality of the ties sustaining participation, the heterogeneity of resources and interests of participants, and changes in membership that impact the structural characteristics of the network. Our results suggest that the electronic network of practice chosen for this study is sustained through generalized exchange, is supported by a critical mass of active members, and that members develop strong ties with the community as a whole rather than develop interpersonal relationships. Knowledge contribution is significantly related to an individual's tenure in the occupation, expertise, availability of local resources and a desire to enhance one's reputation, and those in the critical mass are primarily responsible for creating and sustaining the public good of knowledge. Finally, we find that this structure of generalized exchange is stable over time although there is a high proportion of member churn in the network. 相似文献