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1.
Silkworms and spiders have evolved complex spinning apparatus thought to use highly controlled conditions to optimize protein folding and crystallization to provide a tough fiber. Accordingly, the structure and function of the natural spinning apparatus has been studied with great attention as an interesting piece of biological engineering with potential for mimicry in an industrial process. However it is still not well understood. Here we used Micro-Computerized Tomographic equipment (mCT) to visualize the three-dimensional structure of the spinning apparatus in Bombyx mori silkworms. Multidirectional tomograms obtained by X-ray radioscopy provided valuable information on the detailed arrangement of each muscle of the silk press. It is suggested that the duct in the silk press part plays a part as an extrusion die whose cross-sectional area can be controlled by muscles to optimize applied stresses in the partially gelled silk within its lumen. 相似文献
2.
Haruo Mimura Ryusei Sato Yu Sasaki Yuichi Furuyama Akira Taniike Kazutoshi Yoshida Akira Kitamura 《International journal of molecular sciences》2008,9(10):1989-2002
Tributyltin (TBT) released into seawater from ship hulls is a stable marine pollutant and obviously remains in marine environments. We isolated a TBT resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. TBT1 from sediment of a ship’s ballast water. The isolate (109.3 ± 0.2 colony-forming units mL−1) adsorbed TBT in proportion to the concentrations of TBTCl externally added up to 3 mM, where the number of TBT adsorbed by a single cell was estimated to be 108.2. The value was reduced to about one-fifth when the lysozyme-treated cells were used. The surface of ethanol treated cells became rough, but the capacity of TBT adsorption was the same as that for native cells. These results indicate that the function of the cell surface, rather than that structure, plays an important role to the adsorption of TBT. The adsorption state of TBT seems to be multi-layer when the number of more than 106.8 TBT molecules is adsorbed by a single cell. 相似文献
3.
The polymerization of methyl methacrylate by tri-n-butylborane in the presence of amino acid esters was investigated. The binary systems of tri-n-butylborane and amino esters were found to be more effective for initiating the polymerization than tri-n-butylborane alone. Co-catalytic effects of amino acid esters were in the order: tyrosinate > glutamate > aspartate ? phenyl alaninate > serinate > glycinate. The rate of polymerization in a mixture of dimethylsulphoxide and toluene was proportional to the square root of the concentration of the initiator system, to the monomer concentration, and to the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide in the solvent. The overall energy of activation was estimated to be 4.6 kcal/mol for the tri-n-butylborane/methyl tyrosinate system. Copolymerization curves gave a typical free-radical character. 相似文献
4.
5.
Yuichi Ogawa Nobuyuki Inoue Jifang Wang Takashi Yamamoto Kunihiko Okano 《Journal of Fusion Energy》1995,14(4):353-359
Based on scientific databases adopted for designing ITER plasmas and on the advancement of fusion nuclear technology from the recent R&D program, a low wall-loading DEMO fusion reactor has been designed, where high priority has been given to the early and reliable realization of a tokamak fusion plasma over the cost performance. Since the major radius of this DEMO reactor is chosen to be 10 m, plasma ignition is achievable with a low fusion power of 0.8 GW and an operation period of 4–5 hours is available only with inductive current drive. The low ignition power makes it possible to adopt a first wall with an austenitic stainless steel, for which significant databases and operating experience exists, due to its use in the presence of neutron irradiation in fission reactors. In step with development of advanced materials, a step-wise increase of the fusion power seems to be feasible and realistic, because this DEMO reactor has the potential to produce a fusion power of 5 GW. 相似文献
6.
Toshio Ogasawara Yuichi Ishida Takashi Ishikawa Takahira Aoki Toshiyuki Ogura 《Composites Part A》2006,37(12):2236-2240
Helium gas permeability of silicate clay (montmorillonite) particles/epoxy nanocomposites was examined. The incorporation of increasing amounts of montmorillonite particles reduced the helium gas permeability. Based on Fick’s law, gas permeation behavior of the nanocomposite was evaluated. With the increase of montmorillonite loading, gas diffusivity decreased, while gas solubility increased. Helium diffusion behavior is in agreement to the numerical results based on the Hatta–Taya–Eshelby theory. It has been revealed that dispersion of nanoscale platelets in polymer is effective in improving gas barrier property. 相似文献
7.
Tomohiko Makiyama Takashi Obama Yuichi Watanabe Hiroyuki Itabe 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(12)
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that are ubiquitous in many types of cells. The LD core consists of triacylglycerols (TGs) surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and surface proteins such as perilipin 2 (PLIN2). Although TGs accumulate in the phospholipid bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently nascent LDs buds from ER, the mechanism by which LD proteins are transported to LD particles is not fully understood. Sar1 is a GTPase known as a regulator of coat protein complex Ⅱ (COPⅡ) vesicle budding, and its role in LD formation was investigated in this study. HuH7 human hepatoma cells were infected with adenoviral particles containing genes coding GFP fused with wild-type Sar1 (Sar1 WT) or a GTPase mutant form (Sar1 H79G). When HuH7 cells were treated with oleic acid, Sar1 WT formed a ring-like structure around the LDs. The transient expression of Sar1 did not significantly alter the levels of TG and PLIN2 in the cells. However, the localization of PLIN2 to the LDs decreased in the cells expressing Sar1 H79G. Furthermore, the effects of Sar1 on PLIN2 localization to the LDs were verified by the suppression of endogenous Sar1 using the short hairpin RNA technique. In conclusion, it was found that Sar1 has some roles in the intracellular distribution of PLIN2 to LDs in liver cells. 相似文献
8.
Yuichi Tadano 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》2010,52(2):257-265
In this study, mechanical behaviors of pure magnesium polycrystals are numerically investigated. The homogenization method, which combines the crystal and macroscopic scales, is introduced to include the effect of crystalline scale behaviors. The polycrystal plasticity model modified for pure magnesium, in which twinning is considered as asymmetric slip-like deformation, is utilized as a constitutive equation. Within this framework, numerical convergence analyses are conducted, and a representative volume element to present realistic deformation of pure magnesium is investigated. Second, polycrystalline behaviors of pure magnesium are investigated. The present approach is shown to reproduce the typical phenomena induced by crystalline scale structure in pure magnesium: nonuniform strain distribution, asymmetric crystal lattice orientation, strength differential effect, and strongly anisotropic initial and subsequent yield surfaces. 相似文献
9.
Shigeaki Yamamoto Yoshiaki Ukita Kozo Mochiji Yuichi Utsumi 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2012,178(4):49-54
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a very attractive material for various fields because of its chemical resistance, insulation properties, and hydrophobic properties. However, it is difficult to fabricate PTFE microstructures with conventional techniques such as semiconductor processes or micromachining. We have succeeded in the fabrication of high‐aspect‐ratio microfluidics parts from PTFE by direct in‐vacuum photo‐etching utilizing synchrotron radiation (SR) at energy levels from 2 to 12 keV. This paper presents an analysis of the mechanisms of the PTFE microfabrication process and describes newly discovered processing characteristics of PTFE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(4): 49–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21152 相似文献
10.
Ryota Imazawa Makoto Nakagawa Shuji Kamio Ryuma Hihara Takuma Yamada Michiaki Inomoto Yuichi Takase Yasushi Ono 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2012,179(2):20-26
The UTST (University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak) device was constructed for the purpose of exploring the formation of ultrahigh‐beta ST (spherical tokamak) plasma using the double null plasma merging method. When two plasmas merge together to form a single plasma, magnetic field lines reconnect, and magnetic field energy is converted to plasma kinetic energy, increasing the plasma beta. Merging start‐up has been demonstrated in the TS‐3/4, START, and MAST devices using coils inside the vacuum vessel, and the TS‐3 plasma obtained a 50% beta. In order to demonstrate start‐up in a more reactor‐relevant situation, UTST has all poloidal field (PF) coils outside the vacuum vessel. The first plasma experiment on the UTST was begun in December 2007. In the results, the plasma obtained 10 kA by using only the outer PF coils and a single ST was generated in the lower area (z = –0.3 to –1.0 m) close to a washer gun. This result suggests that another washer gun on the top of the UTST can allow the generation of ST in the upper area and merging start‐up by using outer PF coils. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 20–26, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21216 相似文献