Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

“至上”与“虚无”

<正>俄国画家马列维奇是"至上主义"抽象绘画流派的创始者,其绘画作品简约而纯粹,以最简单的形式——方块展现出艺术家丰富的感情世界,探索了形体、色彩与空间的关系。而同样善于运用几何形态的西班牙雕塑家奥泰萨的风格则显得冷静而克制,其雕塑作品通常看起来虚幻而抽象,没有强烈的情感表现,以高度理性化的手法展现出一种"虚无"的艺术境界。二人所专注的领域虽有不同,但他们的作品都在关注形式与其所在空间之间的复杂关系。     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

硫酸厂主鼓风机的主要设计准则

论述现代硫酸厂主鼓风机设计时必须考虑的关键因素，通过实例讨论操作费用与投资之间的平衡关系以及对装置竞争力的影响。建议在硫酸厂严酷的操作条件下改进风机特性，提高耐磨性并采用维修友好的设计。     

High Power Fiber Bundle Array Coupled LDA Module

1 Introduction High power laser diode arrays (LDA) have many advan- tages such as small volume, long working life, high slope efficiency and high optical density, so they have many applications in medical treatment, material pro- cessing, and for the pumping source of solid laser and etc. But unfortunately, the LDA can not be easy to use directly in these fields because of their poor beam quality and extremely asymmetric divergent beams (!x≈ 5°～10°and !y≈20°～35°, for example), so it …     

用动态规划神经网络模型研究多水库系统的水量分配(下)

为了分析多水库系统中两座水库之间灌溉用水的分配问题，建立了基到动态规划的神经网络模型。为了研究从一座上游水库取水在下游两座之库之间进行水量分配的问题，提出了3个状态变量和4个决策变量的改进的动态规划算法。采用神经网络模型，用3个状态变量动态规划算法得出调度原则，就所研究的多水库系统实例来说，新的动态规划神经网络模型的性能很好，将该模型的性能与临时凑合的标准调度原则和以前推荐使用的约束动态规划神经网络模型进行了比较。     

澳大利亚蒂汶海奥利弗气田古油藏潜力定量评价

砂岩岩心和钻屑中的含油流体包裹体代表了隐蔽的石油显示。含有此类包裹体的石英颗粒的数目(GOI数)反映了砂岩储层中曾经历过最大的古含油饱和度，而与现今流体相无关。含油饱和度高的样品比含油饱和度低的样品的GOI数至少高一个数量级。因此，在原始油被后期填充气取代的井中，可根据这些流体包裹体的资料确定古油柱并划分原始油一水界面。此外，若能利用详细的GOI图精确确定原始油一水界面的位置，那么就可以确定古油柱的高度并估算原始石油地质储量。奥利弗(Oliver)油气田位于澳大利亚蒂汶海(Timor)，现在含有一个178．5m的油气柱，其中气柱高164m，位于14．5m油柱之上。该油气田已填充至溢出点。奥利弗-1井的GOI图显示，在现在的气柱内古油柱的总高度曾在99-132m之间，原始石油地质储量高达2亿bbl，明显高于现在4500万bbl的储量。高达1．55亿bbl的油从奥利弗构造转移到其上倾方向的倾斜断块，从而大大改善了该断块构造的勘探远景。GOI制图法是一种储层描述新方法。它能可靠探测现在被气充填的圈闭中的古油储。在新井钻探之前，利用这些资料可以定量描述气藏及其附近未测试构造的油藏潜力。     

High Temperature Property Development of Bauxite Based Bricks

Physical properties and microstructural evolution on firing of 3 types of bauxite based refractory bricks were carried out using techniques such as porosimetry,XRD and SEM.The groups differed from each other by progressive refining of the matrix or bond phase.It is revealed that such a refinement of the matrix can improve the high temperature properties of the bricks made from poor grade materials.