模糊规划在炼油厂生产计划优化中的应用

生产计划的编制是炼油化工企业生产经营管理中的一个关键环节，然而由于市场变化的不确定性，使得企业的长远规划制定受到限制，笔者将模糊数学应用于炼厂生产计划的编制，通过模糊规划对炼油企业生产计划进行优化，使编得的生产计划在一定程度上反映市场的变化并使企业的生产效益最优，为企业管理决策者进行长期规划给予指导，给出了实例来说明该方法的可行性。     

价格不确定情况下炼厂生产计划的优化

生产计划的编制是炼油企业生产经营管理中的一个关键环节，然而由于市场变化的不确定性，使企业制度长远规划受到限制，笔者将多目标规划应用于炼厂价格不确定情况下生产计划的制定，使所得到的生产计划在一定程度上反映市场的变化并能使企业的生产效益最优，为企业管理决策者进行长远规划给予指导。通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

气相聚合流化床内静电与结片现象的研究进展

综述了气相聚合流化床内静电及结片现象的研究进展,对流化床内结片现象进行了描述,将静电与流化床的壁面结片现象关联,并从流化床流体力学行为与静电生成速率的关系出发对静电的生成机理进行了论述。通过对流化床内静电分布分析,确定了流化床内静电积累和消散的位置。提出了流化床内静电检测、静电产生机理、静电信号与工业流化床中结片现象关联等有待继续研究的方向和领域。     

八甲基环四硅氧烷与氨取代基有机硅单体的共聚动力学Ⅱ模型考核与结果讨论

对前文 (I)的共聚动力学模型进行了分析与简化 ,并分别通过对各影响因素的单因素实验和多因素相互作用实验对模型进行了进一步的考核 ,确定了模型参数并通过模型对聚合动力学行为作了说明     

新型非侵入式超声物位检测方法研究

在石化行业,存在大量装载颗粒物料的反应器和容器,其料位的实时准确检测对于生产过程的控制和优化具有非常重要的作用.本文利用超声辐射阻尼原理,揭示了料仓中物料料位的高低与固体介质表面传播的超声振动吸收的定量关系,建立了颗粒状物料料位高度的关联公式.该公式可以定量地描述物料位高度与超声振动能量的衰减、颗粒物理性质和振动传递介质的关系,具有较高的精度.同时,通过成纵向排列的一系列接收探头所接收到的脉冲超声波能量的峰能量比,可以确定出储罐内液位的高度,其检测精度与接收探头的数量成正比.研究结果表明,无论是颗粒料位还是液体料位,都能利用基于超声辐射阻尼原理研制的浙江大学联合化学反应工程研究所UGAS-05声检测系统实现料位的实时在线检测.     

Study on Optimal Strategy of Grade Transition in Industrial Fluidized Bed Gas-Phase Polyethylene Production Process

A model of grade transition is presented for a commercialized fluidized bed gas-phase polyethylene production process. The quantity of off-specification product and the time of grade transition can be minimized by the optimization of operating variables, such as polymerization temperature, the ratio of hydrogen to ethylene, the ratio of co-monomer to ethylene, feed rate of catalyst, and bed level. A new performance index, the ratio of melt flow (MFR), is included in the objective function, for restraining the sharp adjustment of operation variables and narrowing the distribution of molecular weight of the resin. It is recommended that catalyst feed rate and bed level are decreased in order to reduce the grade transition time and the quantity of off-specification product. This optimization problem is solved by an algorithm of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) in MATLAB. There is considerable difference between the forward transition and reverse transition of grade with regard to the operating variab     

固定床鼓泡反应器的混合特性

以空气-水为模拟介质,选用5种不同粒径的氧化铝球形载体作为填充颗粒,采用电解质示踪法考察在低气液比和微鼓泡条件下,操作条件和填料直径对固定床鼓泡反应器内停留时间分布以及返混程度的影响.研究发现,在实验条件下,平均气泡直径随着填料直径的增大先增大后减小;返混程度随着表观液速的增大而减小,随着表观气速的增大而增大,液速对返混程度的影响比气速显著;返混程度随着填料直径的增大先减小后增大.通过对多组实验数据的回归分析,提出Pe准数与气液两相雷诺数及填料直径的经验关联式,公式预测值与实验值的相对偏差在±20%以内.     

利用声发射技术测量搅拌釜的淤浆悬浮高度

根据颗粒运动碰撞搅拌釜壁面产生声波的机理,结合声信号的频谱分析、小波分解和R/S分析,获得了代表颗粒运动的特征信号频段（d1、d2频段）。同时,基于声波特征信号频段能量沿搅拌釜轴向的规律性变化,提出了声波法测量搅拌釜淤浆悬浮高度的判据,即当声波特征信号频段能量或声波特征信号频段能量比出现阶跃性变化时的高度为淤浆悬浮高度。以水-玻璃珠体系为例,研究发现,无论是盘式涡轮还是桨式叶轮的搅拌桨,基于声信号测定淤浆悬浮高度的判据都能较好地得到验证,与目测法相比,其平均相对误差小于10 %,具有较高的精度。由此,获得了一种简单快捷、灵敏准确、非侵入式的搅拌釜淤浆悬浮高度测量技术,能够实现淤浆悬浮高度的实时监控。     

多层流化床床层及溢流管中气固流动特性的模拟

采用多孔介质模型描述两床层间的气体分布板,开发了一种多层流化床典型结构单元的计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟方法,研究了操作气速对多层流化床床层流化状态及其溢流管内颗粒流动特性的影响.结果表明:层间溢流管内颗粒料位具有缓冲作用,使得颗粒进入下床层后被迅速均匀分散,保证了下床层固相均匀性.流化气速增大,下床层进入溢流管的气体...     

热集成水网络优化设计的最新进展

It is well known that the process industry is an energy-intense and water-consuming industry and is the main source of industrial water consumption and energy in China. Energy integration and mass integration are important approaches to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the process industry. Generally, the methods can be classified into two groups: conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods. The former includes mainly graphical methods based on pinch technology that is operated easily. A feasible solution can be quickly obtained. Conceptual design methods are sequential in nature including targeting and design two steps. The latter is based on superstructure optimization and corresponding algorithm is adopted to solve the model. The trade-offs and connections among the entire network can be established and explored. Multiple factors can be considered and optimized simultaneously by mathematical programming methods. This paper describes the synthesis of heat integrated water allocation networks (HIWAN) based on both conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods systematically. In addition, the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing research methods are summarized, and the future research direction is prospected.