Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

靶面激光光斑尺寸原位测量的研究

提供了一种简便易行的靶面激光光斑尺寸原位测量的方法。从高斯光束的横向光强分布特性出发,建立了激光烧蚀斑半径与辐照激光能量、光斑尺寸、烧蚀阈值间的关系式,模拟分析发现辐照激光光斑尺寸对烧蚀斑半径随辐照能量变化曲线有较大影响。对于脉宽为2 ms,波长为1064 nm的激光,实验测量了不同能量激光辐照下相纸烧蚀斑半径,并用推导出的关系式拟合测量数据,获得了靶面处光斑尺寸和样品烧蚀阈值。同时,也测量了不同位置处的光斑尺寸和样品烧蚀阈值,对高斯光束束腰位置和样品烧蚀阈值的光斑尺寸效应进行了验证。研究结果表明该技术结果可靠,简单高效。该技术可以为高能激光与固体物质相互作用的基础研究和激光加工等应用领域中实现简单方便地测量靶面光斑尺寸提供帮助。     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

网络视频会议组建攻略

小武将视频会议的想法反映给了信息中心的郑老师，没想到郑老师说有很多人也反映了这个问题，信息中心对这个想法非常感兴趣，于是将开视频会议的任务交给了小武，让小武来准备视频会议。 接到了任务，就开始策划了!下面我们一起来看看小武是如何实现网上视频会议的。     

高温旋风除尘器的设计

在PTA(精对苯二甲酸)的生产过程中,工艺废气经尾气膨胀透平机降压后进入RTO蓄热式焚烧炉将有毒有害的有机物焚烧分解后排入大气,为了达到粉尘的排放标准(小于120mg/m~3),在焚烧炉之后加上这台高温烟气除尘器,废气经除尘后达到了排放标准,而且最大程度地减少了热量损失,实践证明此项改造是成功的。文章探讨如何进行高温烟气除尘器的设计,并介绍了高温多管陶瓷旋风烟气除尘器的结构。     

降低天然气处理装置火炬放空损失

1、问题的提出 中原油气第三气体处理厂的改扩建工程，是一套中压深冷天然气处理装置，其生产工艺采用德国林德（LNDE）公司的设计方案。装置的主要工艺单元由原料气压缩与干燥，增压膨胀制冷，丙烷辅助预冷。NGL回收及MGL分馏组成，该装置自2001年4月18日投产至今，其产品质量与收率呈逐年上升趋势，但是，装置在运行初期，停机频繁，造成生产经营比较被动，同时因火炬放空造成成很大损失，为此，技术人员积极开展技术人员积极开展技术攻关，并实施了工艺改造。     

机械-射流破岩耦合特性研究

在现代旋转钻井破碎井底岩石中仍是以机械破岩为主，理论与实践证明，射流辅助破岩是提高钻井破岩效率的重要途径，但它们的耦合特性研究极少。文章基于渗流场与应力场的耦合理论分析，进行了机械与射流破岩耦合特性的实验研究。结果表明：射流压力和水楔作用对岩石渗流场、应力场具有重要作用，耦合作用比非耦合作用的破岩效率有较大幅度的提高。在实验条件下，砂岩的耦合作用提高破岩效率40％左右，灰岩的耦合作用提高破岩效率20％左右。     

沉管灌注桩施工质量问题的探讨

1.沉管灌注桩施工出现的质量问题 （1）缩颈.对于缩颈造成的原因主要是拔管速度过快,混凝土来不及下落,而被泥土填充.在流塑淤泥质土中,由于下套管产生的振动作用,使混凝土不能顺利地灌入,被淤泥质土填充进来,而造成缩颈.桩身间距过小,施工时受邻桩挤压.在地下水位以下或饱和淤泥或淤泥质土中沉桩管时,土受强制性扰动挤压,土中水和空气未能很快扩散,局部产生孔隙压力,当套管拔出时,混凝土强度尚低,把部分桩体挤成缩颈.在靠近地面处由于桩管的摩阻力减小,拔管速度容易加快,而管内混凝土自重压力又小,不易流出管外,泥砂挤入桩孔而使桩身混凝土断面变小,产生缩颈.     

注水井洗井的专业化管理

1.问题的提出萨中油田现有注水井3645口,每年需要洗井8018井次,年洗井外排污水101.2〔104m3。洗井水如何回收处理,如何提高洗井质量已成为油田的一项亟待解决的课题。在试验的基础上,大庆油田采油一厂探索出了注水井洗井“四步三配套”方法并提出洗井专业化管理理念。“四步”洗井即:第一步,注水井降压阶段;第二步,油层溢流阶段;第三步,大排量洗井阶段;第四步,巩固阶段。“三配套”即:一配套,注水井洗井与罐车组合计量装置配;二配套,注水井洗井与就地回收处理装置配套;三配套,注水井洗井与便携式车载洗井装置配套。专业化即:采油矿测试队成…