Investigation of relationships between bulk properties and fraction properties of crude oils by application of the intercriteria analysis

Data from assays of 244 crude oils (condensates, extra light, light, intermediate, and heavy crudes) were processed by the InterCriteria Analysis with the aim to investigate the relationships between bulk properties and fraction properties of the crude oils and the degree of similarity between them. It was found that except the crude bulk properties sulfur, Conradson carbon, and metals content all other studied crude bulk properties exhibited lack of statistically meaningful relations or presence of weak statistically meaningful relations with the crude fraction properties. The use of the InterCriteria Analysis showed that crudes with very similar properties could be identified when a large crude database is available. In this way based on a previous experience in oil refining a selection of potentially beneficial new crudes for processing in a refinery could be made.     

A new set of monoclonal antibodies against human Fc gamma RII (CD32) and Fc gamma RIII (CD16): characterization and use in various assays

Four mouse anti-human Fc gamma RII (CD32) (6C4, 2B2, 3D3, 93.4) (IgG1, kappa) and one anti-human Fc gamma RIII (CD16) (7.5.4) IgG1, kappa) MAbs were raised. An in vitro switch variant, 7.5.4Sw50 (IgG2b, kappa), was also derived from the 7.5.4 MAb. 6C4, 2B2, and 3D3 MAbs bind both Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIb isoforms. Two of them (6C4 and 2B2 MAbs) allow a complete blockade of the binding of immune complexes to Fc gamma RII. All three MAbs immunoprecipitate the receptor and bind both its glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms. The fourth anti Fc gamma RII MAb, 93.4, directed against the intracellular region of Fc gamma RIIa1/2, allows its detection by Western blotting only when it is not phosphorylated. The 7.5.4 MAb binds both Fc gamma RIIIa and Fc gamma RIIIb, can be used in Western blotting and does not inhibit aggregated IgG binding. ELISA using IV.3 (anti-Fc gamma RIIa1/2)/6C4 and 3G8 (anti-Fc gamma RIIIa/b)/7.5.4Sw50 MAb pairs make it possible to detect soluble Fc gamma RIIa1/2 and Fc gamma RIII, with a sensitivity of 200 pg/mL and 1 ng/mL, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance analyses indicated that the KD of two of the three anti-Fc gamma RII and of the anti-Fc gamma RIII are in the same order of magnitude (6C4: 0.78 nM, 2B2: 0.28 nM, 7.5.4: 0.47 nM). The anti-Fc gamma RII 3D3 MAb exhibits an off-rate constant higher than the 6C4 and 2B2 MAbs and a KD of 2.19 nM.     

Relationship of the aromatic structural types in vacuum gas oil to empirical correlations based on bulk properties

Five empirical methods toestimate the content of aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic carbon and hydrogen content and the bulk properties were tested for prediction of aromatic structures content of 95 vacuum gas oils. The density demonstrated the highest correlation with the aromatic structures content among all other studied bulk properties and empirical parameters. The aromatic structures content could be predicted by a second order power law dependence on density with accuracy commensurable with the reproducibility of SARA analysis. The poly-nuclear aromatic structures content was also found to depend on the density and can be expressed by a linear function.