Modernization of Air Supply Unit for Oxidation Towers Used in Bitumen Production

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering - The hydrodynamics of oxidation towers used for bitumen production were studied using a model tower having transparent walls. Experiments were carried out in two...     

Criteria of excitation of explosive decomposition of silver azide by pulsed radiation

The process of explosive decomposition of silver azide in a pulsed electron radiation field was studied by the method of high-speed time-resolution optical spectroscopy. The criteria of excitation of explosive decomposition were determined. It is shown that in the case of short pulses, the critical parameter is the integral energy of the exciting pulse, whereas with the use of long pulses it is the pulse energy flux density.Published for purposes of discussionKemorovo. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 87–90, July–August, 1992.     

Athermal initiation of detonation of silver and lead azides by impulses of fast electrons

Published data on the initiation of the detonation of explosives by a single impulse of energy (impact, friction, spark or light beam) have been analyzed, using the heat theory of detonation. Supported by experimental work on the initiation of the detonation of explosives by an impulse of fast electrons, a model to describe the athermal initiation of the detonation of silver and lead azides by a dense beam of fast electrons is considered. It is proposed that in this case, the seat of initiation is in the region with a highly excited electron subsystem, formed by the concentration of free electrons and holes, generated by the radiation.Kemerovo. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 75–77, March–April, 1993.     

Formation of pyramidal shaped single crystal diamonds in chemical vapor deposition

The work demonstrates the possibility of obtaining material containing micron-size diamond single crystals with a regular pyramidal shape surrounded by a low-order diamond fraction by plasma-enhanced deposition (CVD). To study the morphology of these films, the selective oxidation technique followed by an analysis of its results by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy is applied. We propose a model that describes the formation of these films. The possibilities to use the materials of this type are also discussed.     

Development of the Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge Process: Towards the Sustainable Production of Titanium and Its Alloys

The Kroll process has been employed for titanium extraction since the 1950s. It is a labour and energy intensive multi-step semi-batch process. The post-extraction processes for making the raw titanium into alloys and products are also excessive, including multiple remelting steps. Invented in the late 1990s, the Fray-Farthing-Chen (FFC) Cambridge process extracts titanium from solid oxides at lower energy consumption via electrochemical reduction in molten salts. Its ability to produce alloys and powders, while retaining the cathode shape also promises energy and material efficient manufacturing. Focusing on titanium and its alloys, this article reviews the recent development of the FFC-Cambridge process in two aspects, (1) resource and process sustainability and (2) advanced post-extraction processing.     

Calculation of the optimal blending component ratio by using mathematical modeling method

This paper assumes a preliminary calculation of the costs of the components of the mixture using a software-implemented mathematical model. The operation of mixing is carried out in accordance with the predetermined costs and physical-chemical properties of the products of the processes of secondary and deep oil refining. The flow rate and flow properties depend on the hydrocarbon composition of the feedstock and the activity of the catalysts used and are determined numerically. Resource efficiency of gasoline production is achieved only through the correct proportions of the composition, determined using software that allows you to adjust the conditions of production of gasoline, taking into account changes in the composition of the processed raw materials and the activity of catalysts. Within the framework of the research, the results of optimization of the processes of preparing motor fuels, as well as prediction of optimal volumes and formulas for mixing components to obtain gasoline of the required quality, taking into account changes in the composition of the processed raw materials and the activity of reforming catalysts, isomerization, alkylation and catalytic cracking, are obtained.     

Computer Modeling System of the Industrial Diesel Fuel Catalytic Dewaxing Process

An unsteady mathematical model and a computer modeling system of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process (mild hydrocracking) were developed. The modeling system allows for calculating the optimal technological mode to produce low‐freezing diesel fuel with the required cold filter plugging point taking into account the feedstock composition and catalyst activity. The modeling system consists of the main blocks: database, knowledge base, unsteady mathematical model of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process, and application program package. Using the developed computer modeling system, the influence of the feedstock composition and flow rate as well as of the catalyst activity on the cold filter plugging point and the yield of diesel fuel is demonstrated.