Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper (BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

对话

正Héctor Esrawe毕业于墨西哥伊比利亚美洲大学,2003年创建Esrawe工作室,开始了他独立设计师的职业生涯。Esrawe工作室主要涉及博物馆、酒店、餐馆、酒吧、办公室、住宅的设计以及产品包括家具的创新与定制。Héctor Esrawe认为,设计是一个将使用者和周围环境相联系并发生生动对话的过程。在选材方面,他对玻璃、木材、金属和石材等情有独钟,同时对新工艺和新材料的探索也有着极大的热忱。     

Critical parameters near the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition in La0.67–xYxBa0.23Ca0.1MnO3 compounds（x=0.10 and x=0.15）

The critical properties of the mixed manganite La0.67–x Y x Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 with x=0.10 and x=0.15 around the paramagnetic(PM)-ferromagnetic(FM) phase transition were investigated through various techniques. These involved modified Arrott plots, Kouvel-Fisher method and Widom scaling relation. Magnetic data, analyzed in the critical region, using the above methods, yielded the critical exponents for(x=0.10) La0.57Y0.10Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3(β=0.312±0.002 and γ=1.147±0.003 at T C=299.23±0.05 K). Moreover, the estimated critical exponents of(x=0.15) La0.52Y0.15Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 were β=0.286±0.004 and γ=0.943±0.002 at T C=289.53±0.06 K. The critical exponents’ values were close to the theoretical values of 3D-Ising model and tricritical mean-field model. These results suggested that the present composition should be close to a tricritical point in the La0.67–x Y x Ba0.23Ca0.1Mn O3 phase diagram. Expressing the field dependence as ΔS M∝H n allowed us to establish a relationship between the exponent n and the critical exponents of the material and to propose a phenomenological universal curve for the field dependence of ΔS M.     

低温氮、磁化综合处理钻头使用性能提高的X射线和电子显微技术分析研究

在地质钻探和石油钻井中,钻头都是非常重要的钻进工具。其技术特性,特别是硬度和耐磨性与钻探的技术经济指标,即与机械钻速、钻头进尺和每米钻探成本直接相关。为了提高钻头的工作性能,俄罗斯南方国立技术大学提出了综合低温淬火、磁化回火处理钻头的方法。经过综合处理后,钻头体、复合片底座和钎焊层的硬度分别提高了30%、3%和22%。野外钻进试验结果表明,经过低温液态氮和磁化综合处理的与未经综合处理的钻头相比,每次试验钻头进尺都有提高,总体上钻头进尺提高了22.2%,取得了很好的钻进效果。并对取得的效果进行了X射线和显微技术分析。     

Optical Properties of One-dimensional Three-component Photonic Band Gap Structure

1　IntroductionMaterialswithPhotonicBandGaps (PBG’s)havebeenwidelystudiedboththeoreticallyandex perimentallyinthepastfew years[1～ 4] .Theexis tenceofgaps,which prohibitthepropagationofelectromagnetic (EM )wavesinacertainrangeoffrequencies,canhavesignificantimpactsbothinsci enceandtechnology .Manypracticalapplicationsofthesestructureshavebeensuggestedanddemon strated ,suchasPhotonicCrystal (PC)microcavi ties[5] ,infraredPC[6] ,PClens[7] ,suppressingspontaneousemission ,manipulatinglight…     

加热-冷却温控系统

现代制造业中采用大型自动化进行控制，以及可重复、精确再现生产步骤，并且替代了过去各自直接的换热，不同介质之间间接加热、冷却的工序。取而代之的是在热处理工艺过程中采用换热器设备。这一工艺概念在近25年。已被西方国家广泛认可。本文将介绍换热设备的基本结构，通过与传统加热系统对比以及一些工业应用的实例。来说明换热设备的长处和不足。     

网络搭着磁悬浮脱"平"

在这个泛偶像的时代,有太多风采照人、气质高雅的“星”和学富五车、雄韬伟略的“家”,他们固然值得仰望和崇拜；但是,这也是一个反偶像的时代,当正统的“偶像文化”被推到极致后,许多人产生“审美疲劳”,他们开始有意识地颠覆传统,告别英雄、躲避崇高。“芙蓉姐姐”的出现和风起云涌正是如此：“她颠覆了理想型偶像的高大全假大空,掏出大众心中的真、小乃至庸常的一面,甚至以反讽、自嘲的面目出现。”殊途同归的是,在民众的集体狂欢之后,所谓的反偶像,最终又走上了炮制偶像的路子——在博客江湖,一切成为平民的现实：一个渺小的,甚至和明星毫无关联的     

热处理对Ti-Mo-V-Nb-Al合金微观结构的影响

形状记忆合金由于其优良的超弹性和形状记忆效应而在医学上有着广泛的应用，其中由于NiTi形状记忆合金相较其它形状记忆合金具有更好的超弹性和生物相容性而得到了广泛的应用。但由于镍元素的毒性，使得开发一种生物相容性更好、无镍且具有良好力学性能的形状记忆合金成为必需。Ti-Mo-V-Nb-Al五元合金就是为此而开发的一种新型形状记忆合金。本研究用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和高分辨电子显微镜（HREM）研究了不同热处理条件对Ti-Mo-V-Nb-Al形状记忆合金微观结构的影响。